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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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CHEMICAL REACTION |
Chemical reaction is a change in which one or more substances are formed. Eg. burning of fuels, ripening of fruits, cooking of food, etc.
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OXIDATION |
A chemical reaction in which a substance combines with oxygen.
Metal + oxygen ------------ metal oxide
Eg. Rusting of iron, rancidity of butter and oil, respiration. |
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COMBUSTION |
A chemical reaction in which a substance burns in oxygen. Eg. Burning of fuel: Methane + oxygen ------ Carbon dioxide+water
All combustion reactions are also oxidation reactions because substances react with oxygen when they burn. |
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REDUCTION |
A chemical reaction in which substance loses oxygen.
Silver oxide ----------- silver + oxygen |
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REDOX REACTION |
A chemical reaction which involves both oxidation and reduction.
Zinc oxide + carbon ---------- zinc + carbon dioxide |
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DISPLACEMENT |
A chemical reaction in which a highly reactive metal replaces a less reactive metal from its compounds.
aluminium + iron oxide --------- ------------- iron + aluminium oxide |
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DECOMPOSITION |
A chemical reaction in which a compound breaks down into simpler substances. |
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TYPES OF DECOMPOSITION |
There are 3 types: 1. THERMAL DECOMPOSITION - substance is decomposed by heat. silver oxide ----------------- silver + oxygen 2. PHOTO DECOMPOSITION - substance is decomposed by light. silver bromide ------------ silver + bromine 3. ELECTROLYSIS - substance is decomposed by electricity. Sodium chloride -------------- sodium + chlorine |
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NEUTRALIZATION |
The reaction between an acid and a base, producing a salt and water.
EG. Hydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide ----- -------------- sodium chloride + water
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CAUSE AND CURE OF INDIGESTION |
Indigestion is caused by excess hydrochloric acid in the stomach. It can be cured using indigestion tablets containing the base calcium carbonate.
Hydrochloric acid + calcium carbonate -------- calcium chloride + water + carbon dioxide
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PRECIPITATION
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A chemical reaction in which a solid is produced from solutions that are mixed together.
Lead nitrate + potassium chloride ------------- lead chloride + potassium nitrate |
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SOFTENING OF A HARD WATER |
Hard water can be softened by adding washing soda. It removes the dissolved calcium particles that make the water hard as a precipitate of calcium carbonate. |
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ENDOTHERMIC REACTION |
A chemical reaction in which heat energy is ABSORBED and the reaction mixture gets COOLER.
Eg. decomposition of metal carbonate |
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EXOTHERMIC REACTION |
A chemical reaction in which heat energy is RELEASED and the reaction mixture gets HOTTER.
Eg. combustion, respiration, neutralization
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LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MASS
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DURING ALL CHEMICAL REACTIONS, TOTAL MASS OF THE REACTANTS WILL BE EQUAL TO THE TOTAL MASS OF PRODUCTS. THIS IS BECAUSE NEW ATOMS CAN NOT BE CREATED NOR BE DESTROYED. |
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REACTIONS WHEN MASS APPEARS TO BE HEAVIER |
In some reactions, the metal appears to be heavier. This is because it has combined with oxygen from the air.
Eg. burning metals |
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REACTIONS WHEN MASS APPEARS TO BE DECREASED |
In some reactions, the mass appears to be decreased. This is because some of the products are gases and they escape.
Eg. Metals reacting with acids, or decomposition reactions |
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REACTIVITY SERIES |
Police Sergeant Charlie MAZINTL Caught Me Stealing Gold Plate |
