Types Of Attachment

Front 1

Ainsworth et al (1978)

Back 1

Developed Strange Situation.Controlled observation.
12-18 month children (21 mins)
26 American children

Front 2

SS what was observed

Back 2

Willingness to explore
Emotional responses to cargiver and strangers
How play is effected

Front 3

Attachment types

Back 3

B-Secure
A-Insecure axious avoidant
C-Insecure resistant or ambivalent

Front 4

B-Secure Attachment

Back 4

Plays happily,mother ignored because she is trusted to be there. Distress when she leaves. Immediate contact on return. Easily calmed. Mother sensitive to baby,interprets signals correctly, adapt their behaviour to suit baby's needs.

Front 5

A-Insecure Anxious or Avoidant

Back 5

Ignores mother and can be conforted by stanger just as much as mother.
Mother responds to baby when she's in the mood, Not responsive.

Front 6

Insecure Axious Resistant

Back 6

Fussu and way while with mother and cries while exploring little. Difficulty using mother as safe base. Amblivalent in comfort.
Mother is unpridectable, baby is anxious because it can't predict caregivers response.

Front 7

Type D

Back 7

Disorganised-inconsistant behaviour, fear inducing attachment figure

Front 8

Sroufe (1978)

Back 8

2 year olds given problems to solve.
secure at 12 months=approched problems with enthusiasm.
Insecure at 12=easily frustrated and angry

Front 9

Waters (1979)

Back 9

Social behaviours in nursery age 3 and a half. Assessed at 15 months of age.
Secure=Social leaders. teacher rated them as eager to learn
Insecure=Socially withdrawn and hisitant.Teacher rated them as less curious

Front 10

Sroufe (1983)

Back 10

Asked nursery teacher to rate children on different diminsions.
secure in first year are more popular,self esteen,less agressive.
At 11 secure same as before.

Front 11

CRITICALS OF AT STUDIES

Back 11

Not certain if early attachment is directly responsible for child not solving problems.
Mothers responsive at first are more likely to carry on being responsive.
Results may just be the childs competance rather the then quality of parenting.
Correlation is not causation.

Front 12

Attachment type stable over time

Back 12

In genral yes, but chaneges do occur, Vaughan (1979) ASNot permanent.

Front 13

Vaughan et al (1979)

Back 13

Studies mothes and infants living in poverty.12 moths 55% secure 25% insecure avoident and 25% insecure ambivalent.

Front 14

Main and Cassidy (88)

Back 14

Found attachment styles were simular between -6 years. Wartner et al (94) founf 78% of children keept attachment type.

Front 15

SS CRIT

Back 15

sample too small
setting unatural
Lacks ecological validity child under stress (blanchard and Main 1979) at home simmular but less intense.

Lack validity as mesures only one relatioship
Not sure if results effected by parental sensitivity or innate temperament.
Cultral bias
Mesurment at one point in time
Ethical

Front 16

Kagan- The infant temparament hypothesis

Back 16

Innate

Front 17

Shaffer and Emmerson (1964)

Back 17

Longitional research.
Veiwed 60 infants working class in glasgow at home.
65% mother sole attachment
3% father sole attachment
39% attached to person who didn't feed and bathed baby.
Time spent is more important then feeding child.
Specific attachment emerges at 7 months.