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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Magna Carta
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cornerstone of English law; King and government bound by same laws as other citizens
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Representative Government
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system where power is held by the people; elected representatives are chosen by the people to represent the people.
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Mayflower Compact
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1620- Signed by the Pilgrims and others before reaching New World. Set forth idea of self gov.
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Fundamental Orders of Conneticut
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first written constitution (plan of gov.) in America. Written by the Puritans who had settled in Conneticut.
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French and Indian War
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took place during the colonial period and was a war fought between Britain and France Cause: both countries want control of the Ohio River Valley and the fur Trade in the NW territory. Effect: Britain wins, but has much debt. Taxes colonies go pay debt.
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House of Burgesses
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First representive assembly in the colonies. (a burgess is another name for a county.)Took place in colony of Virginia in 1619.
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Mercantilism
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economis theory where a country gains wealth and power by obtaining gold and silver and by establishing a favorable balance of trade. (Also by having colonies that provide raw materials to the "mother country.")
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Revolutionary War
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1775-1783 also known as the War for Independence. Britain vs. US. United States win Independence!
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Declaration of Independence
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July 4, 1776 written by Thomas Jefferson. "Break Up Letter". The colonies tell King George III They are sick of himm and the US declared it is independent from Britain.
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Unalienable or Inalienable Rights
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Life, Liberty, and Happiness--They ar3e rights that cannot ber taken away. (natural rights that are guarunteed to all people naturally instead of by law).
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Founding Fathers
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Men who played a major role in the Revolutionary War or writing and adopting of the Constitution. Ex: George Washington, James Madison, Thomas Jefferson, Ben Franklin
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Thomas Paine
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wrote Common Sense and the purpose was to tell Americans it made common sense to declare independence from King George III.
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King George III
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King of England during Revolutionary War.
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Articles of Confederation
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the first constitution that governed the US during and immediately after the Revolutionary War. One branch of gov. only--the legislative. One state, One vote.
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Northwest Ordinance of 1787
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described how NW territory would be governed and set up conditions for settlers' rights.
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Shays' Rebellion
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Example of why US needed a stronger federal gov. Rebelling farmers can't be stopped by the federal gov. and soon afterward, the founding fathers agree we need a stronger central gov. in the US.
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Philadelphia Convention of 1787
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met to Revise the articles of confederation, but decided to throw them out and wrote the constitution. Concerns: Representation in Congress (Lg. states vs. Sm. States) and economic differences. Compromises: 3/5's Compromise (each slave=3/5 of a man) and slave trade would be banned in 1808.
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The Consitution
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written by the founding fathers in 1787, it is the plan of gov. used today within the USA. It outlines the powers of the gov. and its three branches.
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Executive Branch
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Enforces Laws. The president is in this branch
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Legislative Branch
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Makes Laws. Congress is in this branch.
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Judicial Branch
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Interprets Laws. Supreme Court is in this branch.
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Seperation of power
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seperating the gov. into the three branches.
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Checks and balances
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one branch can check another so it doesn't become too powerful. Ex. Veto, Judicial Review
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Judicial Review
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Supreme Court's right to examine a law and decide whether or not it is constitutional. This was established the case of Marbury vs. Madison when John Marshall was Chief Justice of the Supreme Court.
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Bill of Rights
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THe first 10 amendments; addeed to the Constitution be4cause they felt it gave the federal gov. too much power.
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