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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Why were the First and Second World War important in improving surgery?
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More experience for surgeons, more severe wounds (including broken bones) including eye, ear, nose and throat. Infections were carried deeper into wounds (and problems with dirty conditions) and x-rays improved on and in greater demand to find bullets and shrapnel.
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How did World War 1 hinder developments to surgery?
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Stopped medical research and 14,000 doctors taken away from normal work.
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What did Wilhelm Rontgen discover in 1895?
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X-rays
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Who enhanced these discoveries and developed radiotherapy?
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Marie Curie (used to treat cancer)
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What was discovered in 1901?
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Blood groups by Karl Landsteiner
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How were transfusions improved during World War II?
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Previously required on-the-spot donors. Now discovered way of separating blood plasma so it could be used more effectively.
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What new methods were used to deal with infection?
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Cutting away infected tissue and using saline solution
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What techniques did McIndoe and Gillies focus on?
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Plastic surgery and skin grafting (dealing with the number of burns caused during the war)
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How did anaesthetics improve in the twentieth century?
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Able to inject them directly into blood stream and further control dosage – developed by Helmuth Wesse.
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What were produced during this period which helped to reduce chances of infection?
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Antibiotics
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What first transplants were carried out in 1954 and 1963?
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Kidneys in 1954 and liver in 1963.
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What did Dr Christiaan Barnard carry out in 1967?
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The first succesful heart transplant
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What key transplants have been carried out since then?
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Bone marrow (1980) heart and lung transplant (1982)
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What had initially hindered the use of transplants?
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Needed drugs to stop the body rejecting organs.
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Which type of surgery meant that smaller incisions were required?
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Keyhole surgery – using fibre optic cables and computers as technology improved.
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What type of surgery has made it possible to rejoin nerves and small blood vessels?
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Microsurgery
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