Turner Adrenal Physiology

Front 1

aldosterone produced in

Back 1

zona glomerulosa

Front 2

cortisol produced in

Back 2

zona fasiculata

Front 3

androgens produced in

Back 3

zona reticularis

Front 4

epi and NE produced in

Back 4

adrenal medulla

NE also in post-ganglionic sympathetic nerves

Front 5

androstenedione and dehydroepiandrosterone

Back 5

important adrenal androgens

Front 6

catecholamine biosynthesis in medulla

Back 6

tyrosine --> DOPA --> dopamine --> NE --> epi

Front 7

catecholamine breakdown

Back 7

deamination by MAO
3-0-methylation by COMT

Front 8

catecholamine urine metabolites

Back 8

VMA and MOPEG

Front 9

most NE in blood is from

Back 9

sympathetic nerves and brain

Front 10

cardiocirc fight-or-flight response

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increased CO, pulse rate, and BP

Front 11

resp. fight-or-flight response

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brief period of apnea followed by increased minute volume of respiration

Front 12

muscle fight or flight response

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splanchnic vascular constriction and dilation of skeletal muscle vessels anticipates striated muscle work

Front 13

CNS arousal in fight or flight

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results in alertness, quickened responsiveness, and decreased perception of fatigue

Front 14

metabolism during fight or flight

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hepatic glycogenolysis, its attendant hyperglycemia and mobilization from the fat depots of a large supply of FFAs provide readily available energy

Front 15

coagulability of blood in fight or flight

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increases to deal with possible hemorrhage

Front 16

epi greater than or equal to NE in affinity of

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alpha 1 and 2 receptors

Front 17

CO, anxiety/fear, hyperglycemia, and visceral smooth muscle tone

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all increased with epi

peripheral resistance is decreased with epi

Front 18

epi >>>>> NE

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Beta-2 receptors

Front 19

pheochromocytomas

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benign tumors arising from adrenal medulla
symptoms similar to excess epi/NE

Front 20

diagnosis of pheo

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VMA and metanephrine in urine
plasma free catecholamines

Front 21

RLS in all steriod hormone synthesis

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side-chain cleavage of cholesterol to yield 5-pregnenolone

Front 22

hallmark of adrenal corticosteroids

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C11-OH group

Front 23

transcortin

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major glucocorticoid binding protein

Front 24

adrenal steroid release

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greatest between 8 am and noon

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adrenal steroids metabolized in

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liver and kidney

Front 26

required for mineralocorticoid and potent glucocorticoid activity

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C21-OH

Front 27

sex steroids

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no C20 and C21
oxygen functional group at C17

Front 28

21-hydroxylase def

Back 28

increased androgen symptoms
increased cortisol and aldosterone deficient symptoms

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11-hydroxylase def

Back 29

increased androgen symptoms
cortisol def symptoms
increased mineralocorticoid symptoms
buildup of 11-deoxycorticosterone

Front 30

ACTH effects

Back 30

increased motivation, attention span, and delayed extinction of avoidance behaviors

Front 31

Addison's disease

Back 31

primary hypofunction of adrenals
most commonly autoimmune

Front 32

cortisol and glucocorticoids have no effect on this stage of inflammation

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histamine-mediated effects

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cushing's syndrome

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cortisol excess

exogenous excess or pit. or ectopic tumor making ACTH

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primary regulation of medulla and cortex

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medulla- neural

cortex- hormonal

Front 35

high life stress, negative attitude, poor psychosocial support

Back 35

incidence of cancer, asthma, allergies, and common-stress related disorders all increased