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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Permission
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one hormone must be present for the other to do its job
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Peptide hormones
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derived from AAs
polypeptides, proteins, and amines water soluble not stable in solution short half-lives stored in glands |
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Steroid hormones
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derived from cholesterol
lipid soluble stable in solution longer half-lives produced on demand |
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adrenogenital syndrome
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feedback failure leading to by-product excess
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androgen insensitivity syndrome
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genetic male producing normal testosterone levels
target tissues lack testosterone receptors female phenotype and gender, delayed puberty, no menses |
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grave's disease
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liver produces thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin which acts like TSH but does not respond to negative feedback of T3 and T4
results in hyperthyroidism |
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not attached to plasma binding proteins in circulation
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peptide hormones
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attached to plasma binding proteins in circ
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steroid hormones
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hormone receptor locations
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peptides- cell membrane (then uses intracelluar second messengers)
steroids- cytoplasm/nucleus |
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receptor up and down-regulation
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via hormone action on enzymes governing receptor synthesis/breakdown
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homologous downregulation of receptors
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insulin receptor decreases in obesity due to chronically elevated insulin levels in obesity
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heterologous upreg. of receptors
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thyroid hormone increases sensitivity to catecholamines by increasing number of beta-adrenergic receptors
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mechs of receptor desensitization
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inhibition of membrane G-protein
altered second messenger activity |
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dioxin
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endocrine disruptor that binds to aromatic hydrocarbon receptor
AHR-dioxin complex activates genes for T4, steroids, growth factors |
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example of potentiation
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T4 augments epi
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counterregulation
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glucagon limits insulin action
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permission example
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insulin enables normal adrenal-cortex cell metabolism, permitting normal cortisol production
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Radioimmunoassay
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based upon binding-competition between unknown conc. of pt hormone and known conc. of radio-labeled hormone
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ELISA
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assay based on specific binding reaction between antigen and monoclonal antibody tracer which recognizes that antigen
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high pt. hormone concentration in ELISA
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less tracer antibody remains in wells, so less color forms
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