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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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STUDY PATTERN MEDICINE
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01. Intro
02. Epidemiology 03. Aetiology 04. Types |
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02. Epidemiology
Disease Significance |
Lung cancer is the most common cause of death from cancer worldwide
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Number of Deaths/yr
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causing 1.4 million deaths per year
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Men Incidence/yr
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Strikes 900000 men
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Women Incidence/yr
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330 000 women
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% of cancer deaths
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Accounts for 18% of all cancer deaths
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Increase in Incidence
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More than a threefold increase in deaths since 1950
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Gender difference
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Rates rising in women: female lung cancer deaths outnumber male in some Nordic countries
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Burden in Females
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Has overtaken breast cancer in several countries, making it
the most common cause of cancer death in men and women |
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Lung Tumour Types
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01. Primary
02. Secondary |
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Primary Lung Tumour Types
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01. Carcinomas
02. Miscelleneos |
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Miscellaneous group
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01. Carcinoids,
02. Mesenchymal Malignancies 03. Lymphomas 04. and a few benign lesions |
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Mesenchymal Malignancies exp
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01. Fibrosarcomas
02. Leiomyomas |
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Classification
Epithelial Carcinomas |
01. Malignant
02. Benign |
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Histological Classification of Malignant Epithelial (Bronchial Carcinoma)
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01. Adenocarcinoma
02. Squamous cell carcinoma 03. Small cell carcinoma 04. Large cell carcinoma 05. Adenosquamous carcinoma 06. Carcinomas with pleomorphic, sarcomatoid, or sarcomatous elements 07. Carcinoid tumor 08. Carcinomas of salivary gland type 09. Unclassified carcinoma |
Robbins basic
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Adenocarcinoma Relative Incidence% male
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Males 37%
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Adenocarcinoma relative Incidence% females
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Females 47%
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Squamous cell carcinoma Relative incidence % Male
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Males 32%,
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Squamous cell carcinoma Relative incidence % Female
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Females 25%
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Small cell carcinoma Relative incidence % Males
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Males 14%,
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Small cell carcinoma Relative incidence % Females
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Females 18%
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Adono Carcinoma Subtypes
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01. Acinar,
02. papillary, 03. micropapillary, 04. solid, 05. lepidic predominant, 06. mucinous subtypes |
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Non Small Cell Carcinomas
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*Adenocarcinoma and squamous cell and large cell carcinoma are collectively referred
to as non–small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) |
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Carcinomas %
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Roughly 95%
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Miscellanoes %
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5%
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Most Common Benign Tumour
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The most common benign
tumor is a , discrete “hamartoma” |
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Hemartoma on Chest X ray
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often shows up as a so-called coin lesion on chest
radiographs |
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Hemartoma Size
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small (3 to 4 cm),
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Hemartoma Shape
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spherical
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Hemartoma Structure
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It consists mainly of mature cartilage, but this
is often admixed with fat, fibrous tissue, and blood vessels in various proportions. , |
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Hemartoma Benign or Malignant
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Clonal cytogenic abnormalities
have been demonstrated, indicating that it is a benign neoplasm, although still commonly referred to as hamartoma |
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Primary tumours of the lung
Study Pattern |
01. Aetiology
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Aetiogy of Primary Lung Tumours
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01. Cigarette smoking
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Association %
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Cigarette smoking is by far the most important cause of
lung cancer. It is thought to be directly responsible for at least 90% of lung carcinomas, |
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The risk being proportional to
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01. the amount smoked and
02. to the tar content of cigarettes. |
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Death Rate in Heavy Smokers
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The death rate from the disease in heavy smokers is 40 times that in non-smokers.
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Cessation Effects
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Risk falls slowly after smoking cessation, but remains above that in non-smokers for many years.
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Mortality Smoking related
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It is estimated that 1 in 2 smokers dies from a smoking-related disease, about half in middle age.
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Passive Smoking Importance
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The effect of ‘passive’ smoking is
more difficult to quantify but is currently thought to be a factor in 5% of all lung cancer deaths |
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