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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is an example of an alkylating agent cancer drug?
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Cisplatin
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What is an example of an anti-metabolite cancer drug?
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Fluorouracil
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What is an example of a mitotic inhibitor cancer drug?
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Taxoids
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What is an example of an antibiotic cancer drug?
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Doxorubicin
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What is an example of an 'other' cancer drug?
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Procarbazine
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Name 11 anti-cancer foods.
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1. Broccoli
2. Cabbage 3. Chili Peppers 4. Garlic 5. Ginger 6. Grapes 7. Green Tea 8. Honey 9. Soybeans 10. Tomatoes 11. Turmeric |
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What is a carcinogen?
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Carcinogens are natural or artificial agents that increase the frequency of mutations and cancerous cells.
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What are the two types of chemical carcinogens that cause point mutations?
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1. Direct acting carcinogens
2. Procarcinogens |
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What are Direct acting carcinogens?
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Direct acting carcinogens mutate DNA directly (eg alkylating agents)
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What are procarcinogens?
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Procarcinogens are metabolically converted to carcinogens (eg cigarette smoke, aflatoxins [fungi], nitrosamines)
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What are the 5 types of carcinogens in cigarette smoke?
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1. Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (benzopyrene)
2. Aromatic amines (2-napthylamine, 4-aminobiphenyl) 3. N-nitrosamines 4. Tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines 5. Radioactive alpha particle emitters (polonium) |
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Nine causes of causer?
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1. Smoking (tar products, benzopyrene)
2. Diet 3. What we don't eat 4. Overeating 5. Radiation 6. Carcinogens 7. Microbes (retroviruses: HTLV, HPV) 8. Pollution 9. Reproductive factors |
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Osteosarcoma?
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Cancer of the bone
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Lymphosarcoma?
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Cancer involving lymph nodes
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Hepatoma?
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Cancer of the liver
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Adenoma?
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A benign tumor of glandular origin
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Adenocarcinoma?
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Cancer of glandular origin
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Carcinoma?
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1. Cancer of epithelia such as skin and lining of the digestive tract.
2. Tumor arising from endodermal or ectodermal tissues (e.g., skin or epithelium). >80% of cancers are carcinomas. |
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Metastasis?
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1. Ability to release cells capable of colonizing distant organs.
2. The colonization by tumor cells of sites distant from the primary site. |
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Dysplasia?
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Loss of normal appearance
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Invasiveness?
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Growth in normal tissue with destruction of normal tissue
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What are malignant neoplasms characterized by? (3)
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1. Dysplasia
2. Invasiveness 3. Metastasis |
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Neoplasm?
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Any abnormal tissue growth
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Malignant?
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1. When a neoplastic growth grows aggressively and replaces normal tissue with a disorganized mass of nonfunctional tissue.
2. Refers to cancerous cells capable of uncontrolled growth. |
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What percentage of lung cancer is due to smoking?
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~85-90%
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What are some end results of smoking? (5)
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1. Vascular disease (may lead to amputation)
2. Spontaneous abortion 3. Cancer in the larynges 4. Can cause mouth cancer and tooth loss 5. Children living w/ smokers have more asthma, pneumonia, sinusitis, and allergies than those who don't |
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What are the three major forms of cancer in men?
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1. Prostate-33%
2. Lung-13% 3. Colon-11% |
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What are the three major forms of cancer in women?
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1. Breast-32%
2. Lung-12% 3. Colon-11% |
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What are three major concerns about lung cancer?
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1. No currently established means for the screening or early detection of lung cancer.
2. 85-88% of all lung cancers are caused by active or passive exposure to tobacco smoke. 3. Reduction of tobacco consumption is still the most important strategy. |
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Roughly what portion of cancers are due to smoking?
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Roughly 1/3 of all cancers are due to smoking.
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Smoking is associated with what types of cancer?
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mouth, pharynx, larynx, esophagus, stomach, pancreas, uterine cervix, kidney, ureter, bladder, colon, leukemia
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Tobacco smoke and diet are implicated in what percentage of cancers in the US?
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~50-60%
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alkylating agent
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cisplatin
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anti-metabolite
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fluorouracil
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antibiotic
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doxorubicin
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other
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procarbazine
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alkylating agent
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cisplatin
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anti-metabolite
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fluorouracil
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antibiotic
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doxorubicin
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other
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procarbazine
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mitotic inhibitor
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taxoids
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mitotic inhibitor
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taxoids
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ALKYLATING AGENTS
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1. Busulfan
2. Carmustine 3. Chlorambucil 4. Cisplatin 5. Cyclophosphamide 6. Ifosfamide 7. Melphalan |
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ANTI-METABOLITES
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1. Cytosine
2. Arabinoside 3. Floxuridine 4. Fluorouracil 5. Mercaptopurine 6. Methotrexate |
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MITOTIC INHIBITORS
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1. Etoposide
2. Teniposide 3. Vinblastine 4. Vincristine 5. Vindesine 6. Taxoids |
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ANTIBIOTICS
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1. Bleomycin
2. Dactinomycin 3. Daunorubicin 4. Doxorubicin 5. Micomycin-C 6. Mitoxantrone 7. Plicamycin |
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OTHERS
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1. L-Asparaginase
2. Hydroxyurea 3. Procarbazine |
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ALKYLATING AGENTS
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1. Busulfan
2. Carmustine 3. Chlorambucil 4. Cisplatin 5. Cyclophosphamide 6. Ifosfamide 7. Melphalan |
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ANTI-METABOLITES
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1. Cytosine
2. Arabinoside 3. Floxuridine 4. Fluorouracil 5. Mercaptopurine 6. Methotrexate |
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MITOTIC INHIBITORS
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1. Etoposide
2. Taxoids 3. Teniposide 4. Vinblastine 5. Vincristine 6. Vindesine |
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ANTIBIOTICS
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1. Bleomycin
2. Dactinomycin 3. Daunorubicin 4. Doxorubicin 5. Micomycin-C 6. Mitoxantrone 7. Plicamycin |
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OTHERS
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1. L-Asparaginase
2. Hydroxyurea 3. Procarbazine |
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ALKYLATING AGENTS
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1. Busulfan
2. Carmustine 3. Chlorambucil 4. Cisplatin 5. Cyclophosphamide 6. Ifosfamide 7. Melphalan |
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ANTI-METABOLITES
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1. Cytosine
2. Arabinoside 3. Floxuridine 4. Fluorouracil 5. Mercaptopurine 6. Methotrexate |
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MITOTIC INHIBITORS
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1. Etoposide
2. Teniposide 3. Vinblastine 4. Vincristine 5. Vindesine 6. Taxoids |
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ANTIBIOTICS
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1. Bleomycin
2. Dactinomycin 3. Daunorubicin 4. Doxorubicin 5. Micomycin-C 6. Mitoxantrone 7. Plicamycin |
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OTHERS
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1. L-Asparaginase
2. Hydroxyurea 3. Procarbazine |
