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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Theory of immunosurevillance
proposed by whom? |
L Thomas M burnett
year |
1960 |
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Theory of immunosurevillance
Definition |
The body constantly seeks out and destroy tumor cells
Tumor arises when? Analogy |
when this system fail
Analogy: patrolmen |
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Evidence of immunosurevillance
How many? |
3
List |
Immunocompetency vs. incidence of cancer
Tumor-associated Ags Tumor-specific Ags
Mutations in immune cells |
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Evidence of immunosurevillance
________________ Tumor-associated Ags Tumor specific Ags
Mutation in immune cells |
Immunocompetency vs. incidence of cancer
Describe this relationship
Other variables |
-
As age increases, immunocomptency decreases and the incidence of cancer increases
Immunosuppressive drugs decrease the immunocompetency and increases the risk for cancer |
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Role of immune system in tumor development
Immunoediting
How many steps there are? |
3
List |
Immune cells destroy the tumor cells: partial or complete
Equilibrium tumor cells are dormant and grow slowly
Escape Immne system exert selective pressure on tumor cells Variants arise Some escape, resist or even suppress the immune system |
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Tumor specific antigens vs. Tumor associated antigens |
Unique to tumors vs. Not unique to tumors
Where they are found? |
Only on tumor cells vs. Normal cells |
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Examples of tumor-associated antigens
How many there are? |
5
List and show the diseases |
CEA: colon, breast, lung, ovary
CA 125: ovary
AFP: hepatocellular and testicles
hcG: testicular
PSA: prostate |
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Clinical application of tumor associated antigens measurement
How many? |
2
List |
Screening test
Monitoring |
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Clinical application of tumor associated antigens measurement
_______________ Monitoring |
Screening test
Note |
Not 100% specific |
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Clinical applications of tumor associated antigens measurement
Screening test ____________ |
Monitoring
Description |
Decrease: Effective treatment (chemo or surgery)
Increase: ineffective treatment or recurrence of the tumor |
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Nonspecific immune response to tumor cells
Time |
Early
Cells (List) |
3
NK TIL Macrophages |
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Nonspecific immune response to tumor cells
____ TIL Macrophages |
NK
Mechanism |
NK recognizes altered structure and secrete cytotoxic enzymes (perforin and granenzymes)
Apoptosis |
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Nonspecific immune response to tumor cells
NK ____ Macrophages |
TIL
- Full name - Mechanism |
Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes
Secrete IL-2 to enhance activated NK activity |
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Nonspecific immune response to tumor cells
NK TIL ____________ |
macrophages
Mechanism |
macrophages recognize the altered structure and secrete TNF-alpha, lysosomes, ROC
Apoptosis |
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Adaptive/specific immune response to tumor cells
Time |
Late
Mechanisms (list) |
1. CTL-mediated 2. ADCC |
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Adaptive/specific immune response to tumor cells
Mechanisms 1. _________________ 2. ADCC |
CTL-mediated
mechanism |
1. Ag presentation to TH by APC 2. IL-2 is secreted 3. IL-2 stimulates the maturation of CTL 4. Mature CTL bind to tumor cells - MHC I - Secrete TNF-b and perforin |
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Adaptive/specific immune response to tumor cells
Mechanism 1. CTL-mediated 2. ____________ |
ADCC
Full name Mechanism |
Antibody dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity
Ab bind to tumor cells |
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Mechanism by which tumors escape immune attacks
#1 |
Alteration of surface markers and antigens
Mechanism |
Selective pressure causes the changes/loss of surface markers/antigens over time |
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Mechanism by which tumors escape immune attacks
#1: alteration of surface markers and antigens
Example |
Decreased MHC 1 |
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Mechanism by which tumors escape immune attack
#2 |
Antigen masking
Mechanism |
Tumor antigens may be hidden in polysaccharides, which are present in large # of tumor cell surface |
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Mechanism by which tumors escape immune attack
#3 |
Inadequate Antigen presentation to T cells
Result: |
No CTL, specific TH
Immunotolerance |
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Mechanism by which tumors escape immune attack
#4 |
Immunosuprression
Mechanism |
Some tumor cells secrete immunosuppressive molecules
or
recruit Treg cells |
