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139 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What was the 1547 Vagrancy Act all about? [2]
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- out of work for 3 days, branded and sold into slavery -no provisions actually implemented |
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Proclamations enforcing against enclosure
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June 1548
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Sheep tax
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March 1549 [opposed by landed gentry]
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Somerset's quasi-royal powers granted by Letters Patent
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March 1547
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Parliament was not called to establish or destroy what?
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The Protectorate
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How much did the 1547-49 war in Scotland cost?
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£580,393
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Which French town continued to be fortified under the Protectorate?
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Boulogne
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Which financial policy was continued under the Protectorate?
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Debasement
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Somerset- good Duke? [4]
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-court of requests- listened to poor -refused to allow torturing, burning -progressive social policy -criticised rich people |
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When was the sheep tax and Vagrancy Act repealed?
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1550
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When were new Treason Laws implemented?
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1550
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How did Northumberland keep law and order in England?
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Used trusted Lords Lieutenant and nobles
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When was William Paulet appointed as Lord Treasurer?
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February 1550
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What were Paulet's financial objectives? [3]
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1. End debasement 2. Match expenditure to income 3. Clear royal debt |
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How was financial policy actually implemented under Northumberland? [7]
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1. No coinage recalled until 1560 2. Boulogne returned for £133,333 3. No more garrisons in Scotland 4. Debt reduced £300k-£180k 5. Tax raised £336k 6. Debasement raised £337k 7. Gresham paid off all Antwerp debts in two years |
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Northumberland- bad Duke? [3]
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-masterminded 1549 coup, then purged the council of those who had assisted him -ordered and fabricated evidence in Somerset's arrest, trial and execution -two-faced on religion |
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What did the Devise say in January 1553?
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The crown was to go to Lady Jane Grey's "heirs male" |
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What did the new Devise say on 12 June, after Edward fell sick in May?
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The crown was to go to Lady Jane and her "heirs male"
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Why was the Devise not legal?
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Northumberland forced councillors to draft it by Letters Patent, and it was not legal, and Henry's Third Succession Act was still in force
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When was the Book of Homilies and Paraphrases published?
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July 1547
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What did the 1547 Royal Injunctions say?
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English Bible in every Church
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When was the Chantries Act passed?
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Nov-Dec 1547
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When were the Six Articles repealed?
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Nov-Dec 1547
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When was the Treason Act repealed?
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Nov-Dec 1547
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When was transubstantiation still said to be in force?
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Jan-Mar 1548
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What was ordered of the clergy on 24 April 1548?
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That only authorised clergy should preach
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What was ordered of the clergy on 23 September 1548?
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No clergyman should preach until new liturgy was published
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When was the First Book of Common Prayer published?
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December 1548
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When was the First Act of Uniformity passed?
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January 1549 |
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When were stone altars replaced with wooden tables?
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November 1550
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What did the Treason Act published January 1552 say?
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Don't question royal supremacy
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When was the Second Book of Common Prayer published?
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January 1552
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When was the Second Act of Uniformity published?
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April 1552
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When was the "Black Rubric" published?
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November 1552
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Detail the events of the 1549 Western Rebellion [6]
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1. Conservative Devon and Cornwall don't like commissioner Body 2. New Prayer Book used in Sampford Courtenay- villagers don't like this, force priest to deliver Catholic Mass 3. Somerset sends Russell with small army 4. Rebels defeated at SC 16 August 1549 5. 3000 rebels executed 6. Gov acted illegally- execution without trial |
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Detail events of the 1549 Kett's Rebellion [7]
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1. East Anglia- cloth workers angry because of collapse in market 2. Kett assumed command of a group of yeomen attacking hedges 3. 16,000 supporters of Kett at Mousehold Heath on 12 July 1549 with a list of articles 4. Rebels refused offer of pardon, and take Norwich 5. Northampton messes up- Northumberland sent instead with 12,000 men 6. Rebellion crushed 27 July 1549 7. 49 executions |
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When did England defeat the Scots at the Battle of Pinkie?
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September 1547
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When did France declare war on England?
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August 1549
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When was the Treaty of Boulogne signed?
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March 1550, making peace between France and England, Boulogne given back
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When was the Treaty of Angers signed?
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July 1551, making Edward engaged to Elizabeth of France
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English foreign policy 1547-53 [5]
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1. Henry II King of France '47, wanted Boulogne and Calais back 2. Tense relations after T of B 3. Trade with Netherlands impacted by collapse of cloth market and the Inquisition's persecution of Protestant traders 4. Charles V not happy with England over Protestant Northumberland and the treatment of Mary Tudor 5. Northumberland didn't get involved in Habsburg-Valois wars, despite pressure |
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When did Edward VI die? |
6 July 1553
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When did Mary arrive in London?
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19 July, with 20,000 men
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When was Northumberland executed?
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22 August 1553
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When was the marriage treaty published?
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Proposal 10 October 1553, approved April 1554
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Detail the events of Wyatt's Rebellion, 1553 [6]
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1. Plans made for a coordinated uprising on 18 March 1554 2. 12 Jan- marriage terms published, provoked earlier action 3. Renard found out by mid-Jan, Courtenay was made to confess 4. 3/4 locations didn't raise supporters, except Wyatt, in Kent, who raised 2,500 men 5. Stopped at Ludgate 12 Feb 6. Surrendered, 90 rebels executed |
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English foreign policy 1553-58 [6]
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1. Charles V abdicated 1556, empire split Philp-Ferdinand 2. Treaty of Vaucelles Feb 1556- Peace France/Spain 3. Jan 1557- English troops sent to Netherlands 4. Stafford lands at Scarborough- England declares war on France June 1557 5. Calais Pale captured January 1558 6. April 1559- Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis |
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When was Cranmer arrested?
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September 1553
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When was the Act of Repeal passed?
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Autumn 1553, undid all of Edwardian Reformation, restored church to 1547 state
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When did Mary renounce the title 'Supreme Head of the Church'?
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December 1553
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When were Mary's Royal Injunctions passed, and what did they say?
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March 1554, suppress heresy, no married clergy, Holy Days restored, Gardiner deprived priests of their livings
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When did Pole return to England, and what did he do?
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November 1554, passed Second Act of Repeal, which undid all anti-papal legislation
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When was Bishop Bonner's Book of Homilies published?
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1555
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Who was the first Protestant martyr and when was he burned?
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John Rogers, died February 1555
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When were Ridley and Latimer burned?
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16 October 1555
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When did Pole become Archbishop of Canterbury?
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December 1555
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When was Cranmer burned?
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21 February 1556
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When did Mary and Pole die?
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17 November 1558 |
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How many people were burned altogether in Mary's reign?
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Around 300 [280]
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When was Foxes "Actes and Monuments" Published?
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20 March 1563
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Social policy in Mary's reign [5]
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1. Book of Rates, 1558 2. Cost of garrisoning Calais removed 3. Plans made to reissue coinage- didn't happen 4. Bad harvests 55-66 5. Influenza killed 1 in 10 people |
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Which three bills did the House of Lords block in 1559?
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The bills of Supremacy and Uniformity, reestablishing Elizabeth as Head of the Church and bringing back the Second Book of Common Prayer
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What did Elizabeth do to get the Supremacy/Uniformity Bills passed?
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She had 2 Catholic bishops arrested after they left the House of Lords during a debate. The bills then got through Lords
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What did the 1559 Act of Uniformity say? [4]
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- Book of Common Prayer in all churches - Black Rubric and Papal insults removed - 1 shilling fine for skipping church - Wanted to keep episcopate |
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Which new bishops did Elizabeth appoint in 1559?
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Grindal, Cox, Jewel, Sandys
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What did the 1559 Royal Injunctions say? [4]
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- recusants denounced - preaching only for licence holders - clergy dress code - marriage only with permission |
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What did the 1559 Act of Exchange say? [4]
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- The Queen can exchange Church property for non-spiritual property possessed by the Church - Church lost money - Interfered with the way bishops rented land - Useful for patronage |
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What were visitations?
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Church inspections carried out by a bishop, 400 clergy resigned or fired 1559-64
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What was the Crucifix Controversy, 1559?
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Elizabeth wanted to keep a crucifix in each church, bishops were offended and got ready to resign, so Elizabeth backed off
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What was the Vestments Controversy? [3]
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- Parker's Advertisements, 1556, were a compromise to the vestments problem - March 1566- "fashion show", 37/110 clergy refused to accept "papistical clothing" and were suspended - Queen refused to endorse the Advertisements |
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Who were the Conformist Puritans? |
Prepared to compromise
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Who were the Presbytarians?
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Compromise was unacceptable, didn't like episcopate and wanted synods
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Who were the Separatists?
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Formed their own church, doctrine agreed by single congregation
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What did Thomas Cartwright do? [2] |
- spring letters 1570- "abolish titles" - 1571 Alphabet Bills- stop plurality and absenteeism- Elizabeth vetoed with them, seeing them as tampering with the settlement |
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What did John Field do? [3]
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- published attacks on episcopy - lots of people appalled- too radical - used as a weapon against Puritans |
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What happened with Grindal and the prophesyings? [3]
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- Queen ordered Grindal to crush prophesyings - 1576- Grindal defended prophesyings in a letter - Queen was furious, Grindal placed under house arrest |
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What were the Three Articles of 1583 and what did they say? [4]
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- Puritans must accept supremacy - Must also agree that the Book of Common Prayer and the 39 Articles were word of God - 300 ministers suspended for refusing - Privy Council told Whitgift to chill, and he did |
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What was the Classical Movement?
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- informal meetings for study and prayer, usually more informal, not regulated
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Was the 1554 election a Puritan triumph?
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No, Queen also told Hatton to prevent the Hosur of Commons from discussing religious matters
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Which Privy Councillors liked Puritanism?
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Leicester and Warwick
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What was Cope's 'bill and book' of February 1587? [2]
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- replace Book of Common Prayer with Genevan prayer book - Cope was sent to the Tower |
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What was the Martin Marprelate Tracts of 1588-9? [2]
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- Puritan pamphlets, attacked church hierarchy - no impact- everyone was pumped about the Armada |
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Was there really a Puritan threat? [3]
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- Conformist Puritans were not a threat - Presbytarians had little chance of success - Separatists not a threat in practice |
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When did Mary Stuart arrive in England?
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1568
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Detail the events of the 1569 Northern Rebellion [5]
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- anti- Cecil, pro-Catholic party backed by Northern Earls wanted Mary married to Norfolk - Norfolk confessed to Elizabeth - Elizabeth tried to summon Westmoreland and Northumberland to court, rose in rebellion - marched on to Durham, threw out the Communion table - royal army approached, and West. and North. fled |
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What were the terms of the 1570 Papal Bull, "Regnans in Excelsis"? [2]
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- Catholics will be excommunicated if they obey the Queen - Catholics are traitors if they obey the Papal Bull |
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When did the first priests come to England Douai?
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1574, 4 priests came
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How many priests from Douai were in England by 1580?
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100
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What was the government's reaction to the Douai priests? [3]
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- wanted more legislation to find and punish recusants - Cuthbert Mayne was executed 1571 for possessing Regs. - 2 more priests executed in 1572 for denying supremacy |
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Who were the Jesuit priests and what impact did they have? [4]
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- founded by Ignatius Loyola in 1540 - first Jesuits arrived in 1580 - had to rely on gentry for protection - Campion was captured 1581, and hung, drawn and quartered |
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What was Parliament's response to the missions? [5]
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- 1581 - "Act to retain the Queen Majesty's subjects in their due obedience", not very harsh - year's prison for saying Mass - £20 per month for not attending church - arrest of Throckmorton in 1583 [planned invasion by French Catholics] - 146 Catholics put to death 1585-1603 |
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What was the Archpriest Controversy of 1598?
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- Blackwell was appointed archpriest - offended traditionalists - appellants objected, ran into Parsons, he made sure they didn't reach the Pope - by 1602 appellants had won half their case: the Pope was to regulate Blackwell, and take on some appellants as assistants |
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When were Elizabeth's marriage negotiations with Archduke Charles?
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1559
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When was the Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis signed and what were its terms? [4]
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- April 3rd 1559 - France kept Calais - The English were allowed to save face - Henry II quite interested in putting Mary Stuart on the English throne |
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When did the Protestant Lords of the Congregation rise up against the Guises?
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1559
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Who opposed military support in Scotland?
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Arundel, Winchester, and Petre
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Who wanted military support in Scotland?
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Cecil
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When was the Treaty of Edinburgh signed and what were its terms? [2]
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- 1560 - French and English troops to withdraw from Scotland |
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What was the Tumult of Amboise?
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The Guises fell in France, and Catherine de Medici rose, religious conflict between Catholics and Huguenots was also relaxed
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When did Elizabeth start marriage negotiations with Anjou?
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1570- 1571, although at this point she had no real intention of marrying him
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When was the Treaty of Blois signed and what were its terms?
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1572, and France agreed to renounce all Stuart claims to the English throne, and to form a defensive league against Spanish aggression
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When was St. Bartholemew's Day Massacre and what happened? [3]
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- 24th August 1572 - Huguenot leader Coligny killed, along with 3000 other Huguenots - Elizabeth offered unofficial help, and the Alencon marriage was resumed |
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What happened in the end, in terms of Elizabeth and Alencon? [2]
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- no marriage, but Elizabeth sent funds in August 1581 - Anjou died in 1583 anyway |
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When did Philip send troops to support the Catholic League?
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September 1589
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When did Henry of Navarre [Henry IV] convert to Catholicism?
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1593
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When did the major rebellion in the Netherlands begin?
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1566
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When were Spanish ships robbed of over 400,000 florins by the English?
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November 1568
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What was the 1573 Convention of Nymegen? [3]
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- trade restored between Spain and English - no more raids on Spanish shipping - Elizabeth realised that there was not a lot to gain from supporting Dutch rebels |
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When did the Spanish army mutiny and sack Antwerp?
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1576
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What was the Pacification of Ghent?
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Spanish troops would be removed from the Netherlands, and "liberties" would be restored to the provinces, if not, Elizabeth would send £100,000 to help the rebels
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Why was John Casimir so useless?
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He just attacked Catholics, rather than sort anything out in the Netherlands
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When was the treaty of Nonsuch signed, and what did it say?
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- 1585 - 5000 troops, 1000 cavalry to the Netherlands - English allowed control of Brill and Flushing - Sir Francis Drake was sent to the Caribbean |
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Detail the events of the landing of the Armada and the consequent battles. [6]
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- 17,000 Parma's troops at Flanders, would meet up with 6000 troops sent with the Armada - July 1588- Armada enters Channel - Armada anchored off Calais on 27th July - the English sent fireships, and the fleet scattered and cut their anchors - 29th July- Battle of Gravelines - Armada chased up to Scotland and scattered |
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Why was Shane O'Neill such a problem for the English? [4]
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- had had older brother killed so he could assume the title 'Tyrone' - proclaimed himself Catholic "defender of the faith" - had asked both Mary Stuart and the French for help - brawl with MacDonnells 1567, got his head pickled |
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What was the 1569 Act of Attainder?
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- legalised land confiscated from O'Neills - abolished O'Neill title - created a plantation at Ulster |
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What was the Fiztmaurice Invasion? [4]
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- Fitzmaurice landed in Smerwick in July 1579 with a small, papal-sponsored army - triggered uprisings in Ulster, Leinster and Munster - followed by colonisation 1579-83 - plantations destroyed by rebels in 1598 |
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Detail the events of Tyrone's Rebellion. [10]
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- Shane's grandson Hugh was given the title Tyrone, but lacked influence at court - turned to Gaelic Irish gentry, and was elected The O'Neill in 1593 - 1595- Ireland was in open rebellion, Tyrone asked Philip for help - Philip launched Armada in 1597- failed - English defeat at the Battle of Yellow Ford, 1598 - Elizabeth sent Essex with an army of 16,000 - Essex made a truce, went home - Mounjoy arrived 1600 - defeated Kinsale garrison by January 1602 - Tyrone submitted six days after Elizabeth died |
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What was the 1560 Treaty of Edinburgh? [3]
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- English send supplies and arms to Scotland - English army to help at the Siege of Leith in March 1560 - French agreed to negotiate in June |
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When did Francis II die?
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December 1569 |
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When did Mary Stuart marry Darnley?
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July 1565
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When was Darnley murdered?
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February 1567, Mary then married Bothwell, Moray led a Protestant uprising and forced Mary to abdicate
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When did Mary flee to England?
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summer 1568
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What was the Ridolfi Plot?[4]
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- Mary began conspiring with Ridolfi - seek assistance from Alva, Norfolk was persuaded to ask him - plot was discovered and Norfolk was executed - Burghley now head of "kill Mary" faction |
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What was the Throckmorton Plot?
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- the Duke of Guise planned to send an invasion to release Mary and depose Elizabeth
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What was the 1584 Bond of Association?
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- a pledge to defend Elizabeth by force, drawn up by Burghley and Walsingham
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What was the deal Elizabeth made with James?
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- James got an annual pension of £4000, if he didn't intervene, and no harm to his claim of the throne
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When did Mary formally disinherit James?
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May 1586, in favour for the King of Spain
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What was the 1586 Babington Plot?
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- release Mary and murder Elizabeth - Mary replies endorsing plan - Walsingham found out, Babington arrested |
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When was Mary executed?
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8th February 1587
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What was the problem with inflation? [4]
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- population had grown by 40% 1541-1600 - prices rose- more demand - debasement wasn't helping - enclosure was to blame- food shortages after bad harvest- not enough land |
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What was the 1563 Statute of Artificers?
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- JPs could fix wages according to local conditions - impose 7-year apprenticeships and forbade workers to change jobs without permission |
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What was the 1601 Essex Rebellion? [3]
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- Essex was arrested for desertion, and let off, and tried to stage a putsch - tried to march on Elizabeth, but was pushed back and gave himself up - executed |
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When were the worst harvest failures?
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1586-7, 1594-6
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When and where were the food riots? [2]
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- London 1595 - Norfolk and East Anglia 1596-7 |
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What was the 1596 Oxfordshire Rising? [2]
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- plot to seize arms and march to help rioting London apprentices - ringleaders examined by Privy Council committee and executed |
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What was the 1563 Poor Law Act?
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- list of those who failed to contribute to poor rate - offenders could be prosecuted, but enforcement was haphazard |
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What was the 1572 Act Directing the Levy of a Compulsory Poor Rate?
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- weekly payment to poor relief
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What were the Poor Law Acts of 1598 and 1601? [5]
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-apprenticeships to train boys to 24, girls to 21 - vagrants whipped as usual - correction houses established - begging was banned - sign of change- more of a response to crises |
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What was the Monopolies Crisis, 1597 and 1601?
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- Parliament was angry about monopolies, as they didn't help rising prices- Elizabeth stepped in with her 'Golden Speech', and agreed to repeal/suspend some monopolies
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