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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Surrender and Regrant
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In 1542, England asserted a lordship over Dublin and the area surrounding it (in Ireland). By the 16th century, England hardly controlled much other than Dublin. They came up with this policy to give Irish clanleaders an English title called the Earl of Tyrone. The clanleader must use English, till the land and raise grain (like an English manor) and be obedient to all the king of England's laws. Later this policy stopped working and instead they switched to Protestant Plantations.
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Wales Act
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1536, Cromwell initiated solutions to a lack of jurisdiction and hostility toward English people in Wales. His laws abolished principality and the Welsh lordships as governmental authorities and instated English law and language and divided Wales into 12 shires.
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Act Against Turning Down of Towns
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1489, cannot turn arable (farmable) land into pasture for wool.
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Act of Succession
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In 1534, the first Act of Succession declared that Mary was out of the succession and only those from Anne's body are legitimate heirs. Then, in 1543, the second Act of Succession returned Mary and Elizabeth to be heirs to the throne after Edward VI.
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Wyatt's Rebellion
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1554, Sir Thomas Wyatt led 3,000 men toward London to prevent the Spanish marriage (Mary to Philip of Spain) and possibly to displace Mary in favor of Elizabeth. The rebellion was crushed.
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Act of Uniformity
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First Act of Uniformity 1549: everyone is going to believe in the same religion and use the same Prayer book. Second Act of Uniformity 1559, required all of Queen Elizabeth's subjects to attend church on Sundays or be fined.
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Act of Supremacy
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In 1534, Act of Supremacy makes Henry VIII the head of the English church (pope of England) and in 1588 declared that Elizabeth was the Supreme Governor (suggests that she has an administrative role).
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Protestant Plantations
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Surrender and Regrant policy not working in Ireland (Irish clanleaders get an English title for following English laws / English monarch). Sir Henry Sidney goes to Ireland in the 1560's and writes a report for Elizabeth that says that the Old English who were supposed to be ruling over the Gaelic people were marrying Gaelic women, there aws no way of distinguishing them. She planted Protestants in Ireland to spread the religion. Led to revolts in the 1570's - 1580's and then a huge revolt in the 1590's.
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Act in Restraint of Appeals
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Transferred power of the Catholic church to Henry VIII. Written by Thomas Cromwell, it had to serve the king's wish for a divorce from Catherine of Aragon and give legitimacy to his marriage to Anne Boelyn. Stated that the kin'g justice was the highest justice to which an English subject could appeal (imperium - England is an empire and the King has the powers of an emperor). Says that the church is national and separate from the Roman Church.
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Dissoultion of Monasteries
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King needs more money and Cromwell doesn't think the monks are really living a religious life and dissolves the lesser monasteries in England in 1536 and the greater ones in 1539. The lands are sold to the nobility and gentry.
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Foxe's Book of Martyrs
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John Foxe was a Protestant who went into exile and collected stories of the martyrs. Mary burned many people at the stake for not agreeing with her views, but they didn't hold unorthodox ones either (their views were legal just a few years prior to her rule). The stories were so powerful that they could not be published during Mary's reign and instead were published during Elizabeth's reign. Led to Elizabethan Protestantism, and the foundation of anti-Catholicism.
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Treaty of Edinburgh
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Mary of Guise (she is Catholic) is ruling Scotland and the Scottish people who are Protestant revolt against Mary and ask for support from Elizabeth. Elizabeth sends some people, ends with Treaty of Edinburgh (recognizes Elizabeth as the legitimate Queen of England, and Protestantism is the religion)
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Bond of Association
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1584 – People swearing to get revenge upon those responsible for a murder of someone on the throne. In 1585, it becomes a statute; the point is to say that Mary Queen of Scots can’t profit from murdering Elizabeth.
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Parliamentary Privilege
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Two examples of parliamentary privilege are Freedom from Arrest and Freedom from Speech. Freedom from Arrest means that you cannot be arrested by a debitor if you are on your way to Parliament. Freedom from Speech means that Parliament is allowed to discuss anything they want to. Parliament asserts their Freedom from Speech when Elizabeth tells them to cease discussing her marriage an heir.
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Bastard Feudalism
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People were paid to wear a lord's colors and fight for them, when the wars were over the great lords had private armies in England and had the armies fight for their towns to get what they wanted accomplished. (Also, the idea that power was held by the great lords and not the prince)
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Tudor Poor Law
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The recognition that the English nation had a responsibility to care for the least fortunate, and that the most fortunate should contribute to them, and that parishes should provide help for the poor.
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Northern Rising
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1568-1569, rises out of Court politics, Duke of Norfolk was egged on by the Duke of Nester to marry Mary Queen of Scots. The Duke of Norfolk was to marry Mary and then present Elizabeth with terms. The Duke of Norfolk decides not to do it, and the northern earls (who were Catholic) were angered and rose on behalf of Mary Queen of Scots. The northern earls are arrested and Norfolk is put in the tower.
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Dutch Revolt
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Belgium and the Netherlands were once ruled over by King Charles V. In the 1560’s, the Northern provinces of these countries revolted (the Dutch) because they were Protestant and wanted to be independent from Spain and asked England/Elizabeth for help. Elizabeth didn’t have that money and religion would play a problem since she would be helping a Protestant country, she also doesn’t have an army, so she decides not to help.
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Protector Somerset
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Originally a Seymour, when the regency council meets over who should be part of Edward VI's council, Seymour asks Edward to be his "protector" and is named "Protector Somerset". Child rulers lead to aristocratic faction because people think they can grab their own power while the king is young and naive.
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Puritanism
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Began in the 1570's, was an effort to bring about further reformation from the 1559 Act of Settlement (which established the English Church with a Catholic hierarchy and a book of common prayer). The people who wanted reformation were grouped into wanting different things, and Puritans wanted to purify the Church from within, and write another statute that would include protecting the Sabbath and Lay Patronage (if a landowner owned land with a church on it, he had the right to name the minister to that church / choose the religion that was practiced).
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Babington's Plot
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A man named Anthony Babington hoped to rally Roman Catholics to support a Spanish invasion to place Mary on the throne and assassinate Elizabeth. Elizabeth's Privy Council persuaded her to try Mary in 1586 and Elizabeth signed her execution warrant.
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Duke of Leicester / Robert Dudley
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Named Earl of Leicester in 1564. Elizabeth made him her "Master of the Horse". He favored an aggressive foreign policy in support of Protestants causes abroad.
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Pirateering
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Elizabeth sends Drake and Hawkins to raid treasure fleets in the 1560's. They would frequently return to England with lots of gold. Elizabeth either condones or celebrates his finds depending on the occasion and circumstances so she doesn't draw too much attention to her incoming share of the wealth. Uses Drake during the battle against the Spanish Armada.
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Marian Exiles
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People who disagreed with Queen Mary and went into exile in other countries to wait until her reign ended. John Foxe was a Protestant who went into exile and collected stories of the other martyrs who Mary had burned at the stake.
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Ket's Rebellion
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1549, regarding economics. 16,000 people rebelled and took the city of Norwich. Ket was an encloser (enclosed land as a job) who built fences around pieces of land which made it impossible for peasants / other people to get any sort of common land. People rebelled against Ket to win restricted pasture rights, rents, enclosure and common property. Ket actually joined this rebellion. Protector Somerset gained the support of landowners and counselors and got King Edward to send out an army to crush Ket's Rebellion.
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William Cecil
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Named Lord Burghley in 1571, Elizabeth named him secretary of state and lord treasurer of England. At first he advocated foreign intervention to support Protestantism but as he aged and gained experience, he became more prudent and cautious.
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Prophesying
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Archbishop Grindal told Elizabeth that preaching was not just for the spreading of religion but for the spreading of obedience as well. He said that a lack of prophesying led to the rebellions in the North.
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Book of Common Prayer
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In 1548, Cranmer writes the book and puts all of the English service together in one book shared by the minister with the congregation.
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Elizabethan Settlement
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Made up of two acts, the Act of Uniformity and the Act of Supremacy. The Act of Supremacy gave her complete rule over the Church of England and the Act of Uniformity combined the Catholic and Protestant prayer books into one vague book so that everyone could be happy. She also mandated that everyone attend church or be fined.
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Humanism
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Humanists believe that they need to advise monarchs. Utopia by Thomas More is a book written to describe and potentially reform European society and government. It discusses thieves, wool trade, and that people must be given jobs. Also discusses the problem of counsel; if you go into government you have to support policies you don't agree with so you keep your job.
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