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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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This is a small, rod-like gram positive, aerobic bacillus that can survive in dry state for weeks..
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Tuberculosis - Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
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How is tuberculosis transmitted?
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Via aerosol droplet
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What are the 11 risk factors for TB?
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Lowered immunity, Close contact with someone infected, nationality, Age, substance abuse, malnutrition, lack of medical care, living or working in residential care facility, living in a refugee camp or shelter, health care work, international travel
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Tuberculosis Terminology: Had contact with infected person, negative skin test, normal exam, normal CXR.
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Exposure
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Tuberculosis Terminology: Positive skin test, normal exam, normal CXR, cannot infect others.
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Latent TB Infection
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Tuberculosis Terminology: Infection with signs and symptoms, or X-Ray evidence of disease, can be pulmonary, extrapulmonary, or both.
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Active TB
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Tuberculosis Terminology: Spread from lungs to other organs via blood or lymph. Milliary TB - Pattern of many tiny nodules throughout the lung fields seen on CXR.
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Disseminated TB
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What are the symptoms of tuberculosis?
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Fever/chills
Malaise Night Sweats (Really Severe) Anorexia and Weight Loss Pulmonary Sx: Persistent cough (>3 weeks) Hemoptysis |
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This type of TB presents with lymph node swelling, pleura, GU, Bone and Joint, meinges and peritoneum symptoms.
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Extrapulmonary TB
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2/3 of HIV patients have what type of TB?
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Extrapulmonary
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How is TB diagnosed?
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High level of suspicion
Blood Smear - Presence of Acid Fast bacilli give presumptive Dx Sputum Cx - Definitive, but may take 2-3 weeks to grow, if Cx positive, you mus do the drug susceptibility testing Skin testing Blood tests |
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In what instances can you receive a false negative with a PPD skin test?
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Active TB and in immunocompromised patients.
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PPD is positive at 5mm if?
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1. HIV infected patient
2. Close contact with TB patient 3. Patient with CXR changes 4. Transplant patients 5. Immunocompromised patients |
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PPD is positive at 10mm if?
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1. Recent immigrant from high prevalence country
2. IV drug user 3. Residents and employees of high risk congregate setting 4. Patients with high risk medical conditions 5. Children under four years of age |
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PPD is positive at 15mm if?
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In any person, including persons without known risk factors for TB.
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What is the blood test to check for TB called?
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QuantiFERON-TB
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What are the first line agents, five of them, for TB?
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Isoniazid
Rifampicin - orange body fluids, N/V, HA Pyrazinamide - N/V Ethambutol - Joint pain, N/V Streptomycin - Vertigo, N/V |
