Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Facts on TB
|
every second someone is infected with TB
1/3 is currently infected with TB bacillus 1.6 million died from TB in 2005 8.8 million became ill from TB the rate of TB decline has reduced in recent years more probable to infect non-whites TB is increasing in foreign born people in the US (largely mexican immigrants) TB is increasing rapidly in Africa (especially in the south) increased rates of young adults with HIV being infected with TB |
|
|
Transmission of Mycobacterium TB
|
transmitted person to person
airborn particles smaller that 5 um. sunlight affects transmission |
|
|
Primary Infection of Mycobacterium TB
|
subclinical or mild
heals spontaneously calcified lymph nodes can cause bacteremia |
|
|
reactivated TB
|
105 reactivation rate
more common in fist 2 years risk factors: HIV recent exposure silica malnutrition immunosuppresion |
|
|
Pulmonary TB
|
fever, night sweats, anorexia, weakness
"consumption" cough, chest pain, dyspnea, hemoptysis usually upper lobe |
|
|
Extrapulmonary TB
|
more likely with HIV infection
spreads to lymph nodes, pleura, pericardium, CNS, kidneys, bone, larynx, peritoneum |
|
|
Prognosis of untreated TB
|
50% mortality in 5 years
25% remission rate 25% chronic illness |
|
|
Who is high risk for TB?
|
recent contant
HIV endemic area immunosuppressed silicosis cancer |
|
|
When and How do you look for TB?
|
CXR alone: 2-3 wk cough, +1 additional typical symptom (HIV, no symptome needed)
CXR plus sputum for culture and smear: HIV plus unexplained cough, high risk and uresponsive CAP, High risk and incidental upper lobe infiltrates |
|
|
PPD
|
purified protein derivative
careful performance and interpretation test only high risk and those who would benefit from treatment |
|
|
When to consider treatment?
|
positive AFB smear
do not delay treatment, even if there is a negative smear in the presence of cough and consumption, characteristic xray, emigration from a country with a high incidence |
|
|
Prevention of TB
|
Vaccines
- at birth in endemic countries - not recommended in US Case Isolation - seek voluntary - 2-3 weeks of DOT/multidrug |
|
|
treatment of TB
|
4 drug for 2 months
monitor for up to 7 months after that 2 month culture DOT? Treat LTBI no vaccine recommended |
