Tt221 Final Exam

Front 1

Short Staple Combed Yarn Process [12]

Back 1

Bale lay down >opening/cleaning >carding >drafting >drafting >lapping >combing >drafting >drafting >roving >spinning >winding/clearing

Front 2

Factors that must be controlled during texturing [4]

Back 2

temperature, atmosphere, yarn tension, yarn twist

Front 3

Properties of textured yarns [6]

Back 3

increased cover, better insulation, less luster, softer, more breathable, more stretchy

Front 4

Reasons why finnish is applied to filament yarns [7]

Back 4

lubrication, prevent end breaks, prevent filament fusion, prevent wear on machine, prevent filaments from sticking to other surfaces, reduce static, increased cohesion

Front 5

Properties of woolen yarns [5]

Back 5

weaker (75%), soft, hairy, bulky, inexpensive

Front 6

[3] main differences between short and long staple cards

Back 6

SHORT: flat top, 1 main cylinder, output: sliver only
LONG: roller top, multiple main cylinders, output: sliver (worsted) or roping (woolen)

Front 7

Process phases of open end spinning [6]

Back 7

drafting >fiber transport >fiber collection&condensation >twisting >yarn removal >winding

Front 8

Steps in the woolen process system [5] in order

Back 8

fiber preparation >blending >carding >spinning >winding and clearing

Front 9

Methods of texturing [6]

Back 9

false twist, air jet, stuffer box, knit-de-knit, edge crimping, gear crimping

Front 10

Advantages of combing [5]

Back 10

improves evenness, improves strength, improves luster, improves hand, improves spin limit

Front 11

Disadvantages of combing [2]

Back 11

increased cost, loss of short fibers

Front 12

Factors that influence spinning tension [6]

Back 12

size of yarn, spindle speed, balloon surface area, traveler weight, traveler speed, size of the ring

Front 13

Effects of reducing staple length [5]

Back 13

shorter fibers give lower strength, shorter fibers give harder hand, shorter fibers give less luster, shorter fibers need more twist to reach max strength, shorter fibers require a higher cost of conversion

Front 14

Processing steps for worsted yarn [11]

Back 14

fiber preparation >blending >carding >drafting >drafting >combing >drafting >drafting >roving >spinning >winding/clearing

Front 15

Process steps in texturing [7]

Back 15

input flat yarns >heat >deform >cool >reverse deformation >relax >wind

Front 16

quenching

Back 16

cooling by chilled air

Front 17

tow

Back 17

filament yarn having about one million denier

Front 18

gel

Back 18

non-meltable polymer

Front 19

godets

Back 19

rolls used during drawing of man-made fibers

Front 20

drawing(filament)

Back 20

elongation of filament yarns to align molecules

Front 21

roping

Back 21

product delivered by long staple card

Front 22

amorphous regions

Back 22

disordered regions in man-made filaments

Front 23

melting temperature

Back 23

temperature where material goes from rubbery to liquid

Front 24

polymer

Back 24

many units

Front 25

comber

Back 25

used to separate fibers in open end spinning

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stripper

Back 26

smaller rolls used to draft in long staple carding

Front 27

bridging fiber

Back 27

fibers laid across take off point in open-end spinning

Front 28

barre

Back 28

streaky pattern in fabric due to poor quality

Front 29

extrusion

Back 29

process for producing man-made fibers

Front 30

chip

Back 30

raw material used in melt spinning

Front 31

glass transition

Back 31

temperature where material goes from rubbery to solid

Front 32

ageing

Back 32

decaying of material over time

Front 33

POY (partially oriented yarn)

Back 33

filament yarns produced at high speeds

Front 34

flat yarns

Back 34

fully drawn yarns

Front 35

tight spots

Back 35

highly twisted regions in textured yarns

Front 36

spinnerette

Back 36

metal plate with tiny holes

Front 37

thermoplastic

Back 37

material that softens before melting

Front 38

crystalline region

Back 38

highly ordered regions in man-made materials

Front 39

Effects of fiber length [3]

Back 39

yarn evenness, yarn strength, fiber process-ability

Front 40

Effects of fiber strength [2]

Back 40

yarn strength, process-ability

Front 41

Effects of fiber fineness [5]

Back 41

spin limit, yarn strength, nep count, hand, process-ability

Front 42

HVI testing tests [7]

Back 42

length, length uniformity, strength, elongation, micronaire, trash content, color

Front 43

Required characteristics for a good fiber [4]

Back 43

high length to width ratio, adequate strength, flexibility, cohesiveness

Front 44

Moisture effects: [3]

Back 44

weight, strength, static charge

Front 45

neps

Back 45

rolled up fibers

Front 46

doubling

Back 46

putting together or feeding of several ends of material

Front 47

setting

Back 47

distance between teeth on main cylinder and flats

Front 48

error wavelength

Back 48

the distance between two thick or two thin spots

Front 49

ratch setting

Back 49

distance between the back and front rolls during drawing

Front 50

licker-in

Back 50

removes tufts of fiber from the incoming fleece, cleans & delivers them to main cylinder

Front 51

flat strips

Back 51

remove some short fibers

Front 52

doffer

Back 52

condenses the fibers from main cylinder into a web

Front 53

trumpet

Back 53

gathers web together

Front 54

calender rolls

Back 54

presses the fibers together to form rope-like structure

Front 55

drawing (for staple fibers)

Back 55

reduce material size, increase fiber alignment, get hooks going in the right direction, blending

Front 56

lapping

Back 56

repackage sliver from can onto a roll

Front 57

worker

Back 57

large roll used to draft in long staple carding

Front 58

noils

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waste and knots of wool removed by comb (short fibers)

Front 59

navel

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part of rotor spinning (open end spinning), pulls yarn off rotor

Front 60

linear density

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mass of a given length of material [direct system]

Front 61

yarn count

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length of a given mass of material [indirect system]

Front 62

velocity

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rate of change of distance with time

Front 63

actual draft

Back 63

ratio of material size before and after processing

Front 64

flyer

Back 64

used to insert twist and support strand

Front 65

twist density

Back 65

number of turns in a given length of yarn [turns per inch/turns per meter]

Front 66

Factors that influence effective staple length [5]

Back 66

fiber fineness, fiber crimp, fiber finnish, fiber cross-sectional shape, fiber stiffness

Front 67

Improve spinning tensions by: [2]

Back 67

reduce balloon surface area, reduce yarn speed

Front 68

Reduce twist liveliness by: [4]

Back 68

slash the yarns (starch), lubricate/wax the yarns, steam relax the yarns, ply yarns together

Front 69

plying

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twisting 2 or more yarns together in the opposite direction of the original twist

Front 70

Fiber preparation [3]

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scour to remove greasy waste, dry&lubricate, remove vegetable matter

Front 71

gilling

Back 71

drafting-uses a pin drafter

Front 72

continuous filament

Back 72

made through extrusion, liquid polymer forced through spinnerette and solidified

Front 73

neck

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formed during drawing, change in diameter looking similar to a bottle neck

Front 74

When texturing must control: [4]

Back 74

temperature, atmospheric conditions, yarn tension in heater, yarn twist

Front 75

fancy yarns

Back 75

deliberate decorative discontinuity or interruption is introduced in either color, form or both

Front 76

slubs

Back 76

thick places in the yarn