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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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common name of 1,2 diacylglycerol phosphate?
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phosphatidic acid
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What three precursors can the intestine use in tryglyceride synthesis?
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monoacylglycerol, glycerol, DHAP
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What two precursors can the liver use in tryglyceride synthesis?
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glycerol and DHAP
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What precursor can adipose tissue use to synthesize triglycerides?
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DHAP
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What does glycerokinase do in tryglyceride synthesis?
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phosphorylates glycerol to alpha glycerophosphate in the liver and intestine (uses one ATP)
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What does alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase do in tryglyceride synthesis?
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it reduces DHAP to alpha-glycerophosphate, oxidizing an NADH to NAD+
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What does monoacylglycerol acyl transferase do in triglyceride synthesis?
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it adds an acyl to the beta carbon of a monoacylglycerol in the intestine.
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How do you convert alpha glycerophosphate to phosphatidic acid in tryglyceride synthesis?
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1. add two acyl-CoA molecules 2. add a water and extract a Pi with phosphatidate phosphohydrolase
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What enzyme catalyzes the conversion of phosphatidic acid to triacylglycerol? What does it do?
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Diacylglycerol Acyl Transferase adds an acyl CoA to phosphatidic acid
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Where does diacylglycerol acyl transferase function?
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cytoplasm
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lipoprotein lipase
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degrades triglycerides into free fatty acids and glycerol in adipose tissue and muscle
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how does insulin effect triglyceride synthesis?
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stimulates triglyceride synthesis, the storage of glucose energy as fat and glycerol
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how is the NADH pool maintained for use in triglyceride synthesis?
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by oxidizing ethanol to acetaldehyde and acetaldehyde to acetate via their respective dehydrogenase enzymes
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how does chronic ethanol alcohol intake effect triglyceride synthesis?
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it stimulates it because ethanol oxidation is creating more NADH which stimulates the reduction of DHAP to alpha glycerophosphate, the first step in triglyceride synthesis
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hormone sensitive lipase
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triglyceride lipase in adipose tissue
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what activates triglyceride lipase?
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phosphorylation by a protein kinase that is in turn activated by cAMP mediated protein kinase
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what is the rate limiting step in the triglyceride degradation pathway?
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hormone sensitive lipase degradation of triglyceride to one free fatty acid and a diglyceride
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why does glycerol leave adipose tissue via the blood? where does it go?
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there is no glycerol kinase in adipose tissue so it must go to the liver to participate in gluconeogenesis
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what hormones activate triglyceride degradation in adipose tissue?
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glucagon and catecholamines
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what happens to triglycerides in diabetes?
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insulin deficient so triglyceride degradation constantly stimulated -> increased ffa and glycerol in circulation to liver -> increased beta oxidation and ketone body formation -> ketoacidosis
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