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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Differences between America: Regions |
Difference in wealth: North more affluent than south Difference in law and civil rights de facto and de jure segregation Mass migration from south to the north |
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Differences in America: Social |
Billionaire dynasties like rockerfellar contrast with black sharecroppers and native Americans Memberships and power of unions increased under Roosevelt Social tensions decreased due to war profitability |
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Differences in America: Ethnicity |
Religious prejudice against Jews Non whites suffer more discrimination in the south Segregation in schooling |
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Democrat |
A supporter of the Democrats believe in federal intervention in public welfare |
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Republican |
A Republican believes in self sufficient with greater control given to state govs rather than federal |
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Truman presidential reign |
1945 - 1952 |
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Budget deficit |
When a government spending exceeds it's income |
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Blue collar worker |
Manual labour in industry |
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Free Market |
An economic system in which prices are determined by unrestricted competition between businesses and countries |
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Why was the US economy booming post WW2 |
Didn't have to pay much damages Payday loans with High interest Wartime industries |
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1944 GI Bill of rights |
Gave returning veterans a year unemployment pay and loans for education (20 billion dollars) |
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1946 strikes |
800000 steel workers 400000 miners walked out Railroad workers threatened to strike |
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Taft-Hartley act 1947 |
Stated that Unions couldn't breach contracts Couldn't insist everyone had to join President could order strike cool off period
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1952 strike |
Steelworkers creators of weapons and tanks for Korean war |
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Difference between liberal and Conservative views |
Liberal is fair open minded and willing to change Conservative is sticking to tradition resistance to change |
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Dixiecrats |
Southerners who broke away from the democratic party because it became increasingly liberal on civil rights |
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Reasons why truman won the 1948 election |
Campaigned more than Dewy Black vote (stance on civil rights) Personality Farmers believed he could help them Booming economy |
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Why did Congress reject most of trumans legislations |
Majority Republican he was demo They resented his executive power use even not in a crisis |
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Why were liberal and Conservative Democrats divided against truman |
Liberals blamed him for failing to get further reform legislations through Congress Conservatives agreed with Republicans over unions and disagreed with truman over civil rights |
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Successes of new 'fair deal' |
Minimum wage increase from 40 cents to 75 Social security - safety net for those who need it Farmers were assisted Free school meals provided |
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Failings of 'fair deal' |
Equality sounds like communism Planned building of 800k homes only built 156k School Lunch act doesn't happen during holidays only 1 meal in day Seen as too revolutionary |
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Factors contributing to the red scsre |
Huac - conspiracy of Hollywood communists trying to overthrow the government Truman - sympathetic to a degree tried to veto internationalsecurity act Communist successes - atom bomb Republicans said truman wasn't doing enough to stop cold war. 73% thought he was too lenient |
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Joseph McCarthy |
US senator of Wisconsin who was disliked heavily. He made speeches claiming communism had infiltrated the state department. |
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Difference between de facto and de jure segregation |
De facto is by law (south) De jure separation is through society (North) |
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Jim Crow laws |
Laws put in place to separate whites and blacks |
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Black activists under Truman |
Thurgood Marshall Philip Randolph Adam Clayton Powell |
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Thurgood Marshall |
Black activist Successfully challenged ruling of Plessy vs Fergus Won many other rulings from 45-52 First joined NAACP in 1936 |
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Achievements of civil rights movement under Johnson |
CORE did sit ins 1941 bus boycott in Harlem 1947 journey of reconciliation Powell was continually re elected March on Washington |
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Limitations of civil rights movement under Truman |
Adam Clayton Powell wad eventually outsed for.being dodgy No real change at this point |
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NAACP and CORE |
NAACP National association for the advancement of colored people CORE Congress of Racial equality |
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Truman and civil rights successes and failings - Personal history |
Chosen to succeed Roosevelt in part because of his attitudes towards civil rights Had formerly been a racist and member of the KKK |
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Truman successes and failings with civil rights: Requests to congress |
He put civil rights legislation on the agenda He was ignored and the legislation was not passed |
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Truman and civil rights successes and failings: Executive orders |
Executive order put pressure on companies with federal contracts the end discrimination |
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Truman and civil rights successes and failings: Supreme Court and Congress |
Judicial branch of fed government passed rulings eroding constitution foundations No enforcement powers Relied on cooperation with Congress Southern Democrats dominated Congress and opposed Racial equality |
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Truman successes and failings with civil rights: State and Local Govt |
By 1952 5 states had fair employment laws and 19 had legislation against discrimination White politicians in deep south obstructed progress Most.southern states remained pro segregation |
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Yalta conference February 1945 |
Roosevelt Stalin and Churchill Agreed splitting Germany into 4 parts Each promoted their political system Roosevelt and Churchill worried about communism in East Europe Stalin lied saying Poland could hold free elections Roosevelt promoted idea of United nations |
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Potsdam Conference July 1945 |
Churchill Truman Stalin Stalin confirmed he would join war against Japan after Germany was defeated. Truman informed Stalin he had successfully tested atomic bomb Stalin ignored the others.condeming him for communising Poland |
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Military motives for dropping atomic bombs |
Japan weren't going to surrender kamikaze attacks were damaging Push Japan into surrender Formal invasion would have been costly for USA |
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Political motives for dropping atomic bombs |
Stop the Russian invasion of Japan and spread of communism Lack of military deaths involved Not telling Stalin made him look inferior and jealous |
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How does atomic bomb show the USA as a superpower |
Atomic demonstration of power Countries will be in awe No one else has the technology (Russia look inferior) |
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How does the atomic bomb not show the US as a superpower |
Cowardly act targeting civilians Potential war crime Other countries resented America for doing it including allies Increase in spies after |
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George Keenans Long Telegram |
February 1946 Recommended new strategy in dealing with Soviets saying America had to go hard on them because they respond highly to power and force but not logic |
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What was the political crisis in Greece and how had truman perceived it |
The truman administration believed Stalin was behind the Greek Communist partys opposition to the Greek government this combined with disagreements over turkey soured Soviet American relations |
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Truman Doctrine Speech 1947 |
Stated that America was to counter Soviet geopolitical expansion during the cold war he also pledged to contain threats to Greece and Turkey |
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The Marshall Plan |
An American initiative to aid Western Europe giving over 13 billion dollars in order to prevent these countries turning to communism |
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When did Stalin blockade West Berlin And when did it end |
June 1548 - May 1949 |
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Berlin Airlift |
The USA and Britain airlifted 350 million dollars worth of supplies into blockaded West Berlin |
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What were the consequences of the Berlin Airlift |
It made Stalin look weak as he did nothing about it and the blockade had failed. Cost the US a huge amount |
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What is NATO and who became a member |
North Atlantic Treaty Organisation USA,France,Britain,Italy,West Germany etc |
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What happened in 1949 that shifted the balance of power in world affairs |
China Falls to communism Soviets get atomic bomb which proves spies are in the USA |
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Fall of China |
1949 America had loaned 2 Billion dollars to China which was lost. This persuaded truman to be harder on communism in the future to prevent a similar tragedy |
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Start of the Korean War |
25 June 1950 |
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Before October 1950 how successful was the war for the USA |
It was very successful America attacked from 2 Aids and pushed the communists past the divide back into the north as well as having a fairly low casualty rate |
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After October 1950 how successful was the Vietnam war for the USA |
They started losing the war as the other Communist powers threw their support back behind north Korea and they started gaining back ground |
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How many American troops died during the Korean war |
35000 |
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Why did Truman declare war on Korea |
He was criticised for being too soft on communism when he lost China and he wanted to show it wouldn't happen again and demonstrate to Russia American military power |
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How did Truman cause conflict in Israel |
Truman formally recognised the Jewish state in Palestine which led to an Arabic invasion of Israel |
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Why was the ignited conflict in Israel bad for truman |
It was a civil war so truman could not interfere despite having caused it If the Arabic army succeeded in their invasion they probably wouldn't ally with the USA |
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What were the positives of Trumans reform of Japan |
They were unlikely to turn Communist as the Korean war boosted their economy. Japan would resist occupation if it happened again because of how bad jt was originally |
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What were the negatives of truman reforming Japan |
Japan now have funds and military power nd may want revenge on the US for the a bomb |
