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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Allows the driver to go from 2-wheel drive to 4-wheel drive and back while the vehicle is in motion, automatically locking the front hubs at speeds up to 50 MPH. The driver needs only to turn a dial or push a button to engage 4-wheel drive; it is not necessary to stop the vehicle.
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4WDemand
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A drive system where the engine drives all four wheels, helps improve traction under many circumstances. Can be part-time (low traction conditions only) or full-time (may be used on dry roads).
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4WD
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Sophisticated computer-controlled system that modulates brake pressure during hard braking to help avoid wheel lock-up and aid the driver in maintaining steering control. When the wheels are beginning to lock, the computer causes the brakes to pulse more rapidly than humanly possible. This allows the wheels to rotate rather then skid, for better stopping and steering control.
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ABS
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The maximum incline angle that a vehicle can climb without encountering front bumper or undercarriage damage.
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approach angle
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Diconnects the front axles and hub assemblies from the drive shaft at the differential when the vehicle is in 2-wheel drive mode, eliminating the need to disconnect them manually. It also engages the front axles to the differential when 4-wheel drive is selected by the driver.
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ADD
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The number of times the driveshaft rotates to turn the axle shaft one rotation. For example if the gear had 10 teeth and the axle shaft gear had 30 teeth, this would be 3:1.
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axle ratio
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This measures the speed and force with which the brake pedal is pushed to determine whether the driver is attempting an emergency stop. If the system determines that is the case, it appplies additional brake pressure to allow the driver to take full advantage fo the ABS system.
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brake assist
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A part of the suspension system designed to control wheel movement precisely. It is as also known as a wishbone or an A-arm.
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control arms
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The weight of an empty vehicle, without cargo and driver and passengers, but including maximum amounts of fuel, oil, coolant and standard equipment. Including the spare tire and tools.
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curb weight
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The maximum icline angle that a vehicle can descend onto flat ground without encountering rear bumper or undercarriage damage.
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departure angle
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A gear assembly that allows one driven wheel to turn at a different speed from the wheel on the other end of the axle. This is necessary since an outside wheel has father to travel than an inside wheel when turning a corner.
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differential
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On a steep, off-road downhill slope, low-range-4-wheel drive mauy not be enough to reduce speed. Will automatically apply the brakes to keep the vehicle's speed low without locking the wheels.
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DAC
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Maximum amount of weight that can be supported by each axle, as designated by the manufacturer.
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gross axle weight rating
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The total weight of a vehicle, including all its contents, plus the weight of a trailer and its entire contents. This should not be allowed to exceed the Gross Combined Weight Rating.
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gross combined weight
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THe maximum recommended weight of a vehicle with a towed trailer. A vehicle usually can't accept the same load of people and cargo when towing a trailer as it can without the trailer.
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gross combined weight rating
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The sum of curb weight and payload. The weight of a vehicle with all fluids, less driver, ready to be operated. Payload is the load added to a vehicle, including the driver, passengers and any other equipment or cargo.
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gross vehicle weight
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The maximum allowable loaded vehicle weight. It includes the vehicle and its equipment, fluids, occupants and cargo.
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gross vehicle weight rating
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when starting from a stop on an uphill grade, it automatically increases brake pressure to all four wheels to reduce rearward rolling while the driver steps on the accelerator pedal.
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HAC
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Improves traction by sensing wheel slippage and providing torque to the wheel with increased traction.
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LSD
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Locks rear wheels together for maximum traction when the vehicle is stuck or in extremely slippery conditions
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locking differential
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The weight of occupants, equipment and cargo that a truck transports. If the curb weight is increased by adding components (such as a bigger engine or an automatic transmission), this will decrease.
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payload
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actual weight that is pressing down on the hitch attached to the vehicle. This weight should be included in the total payload figure and should be 10% - 15% of trailer weight.
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tongue weight
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The maximum weight a truck can pull.
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towing capacity
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The total weight of a trailer and its contents, including holding tanks.
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towing weight
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A measurement of cargo capacity. More precise then payload, which factors in optional equipment and people. Also factors in accessory weight plus rated cargo and luggage load.
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vehicle capacity weight
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