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26 Cards in this Set
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- Back
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Leptospirosis:
Organism? (3) Method of transmission? (3) Reservoir? (2) |
L.interrogans
Gram -ve spiral bacillus Contact with urine: skin abrasion >6h in water Indirect: vertical, sexual & blood (VV rare) Rats>pigs & dogs |
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Leptospirosis:
Thai serovars? (3) Control & prevention? (3) |
Australis
Icterhaemorrhagiae Bratislava 1. Control infection source: rat control 2. Interrupt transmission: avoid contact 3. Intervention at human level: education, immunisation |
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Leptospirosis:
Pathophysiology? (3) Organs affected? (2*2) |
Adherence to cell walls: dissemination.
Cytotoxic. Vasculitis. Kidney: nephritis & ATN Liver: necrosis Lung muscle & eye (uveitis) also affected. |
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Leptospirosis:
Clinical classification? (2) Incubation? (1) Clinical course? (2*3) Exceptions? (2) |
Anicteric (90%)
Weils disease (10%): jaundice ARDS 1-2 weeks 1. Leptospiremic (week 1) leptospires in blood/CSF: T, H, rigors, MYALGIA, MP rash 2. Leptospiuric: for weeks- months following convalescence, UVEITIS (<5%) 15-40% Asymptomatic! Not seen in Weils Disease |
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Weils disease:
Organism? (1) Clinical features? (3) |
Leptospirosis interrogans
Jaundice Renal failure Haemorrhage ARDS |
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Leptospirosis diagnosis:
Direct? (2) Indirect? (2) |
Blood/CSF or urine culture depending on time period.
4 fold rise in MAT or single titre of >1:400 |
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Leptospirosis treatment? (1)
Prognosis? (2) |
Doxycycline
Good unless icteric (Weils) 5-10% mortality |
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Anthrax:
Organism? (1) Morphology? (3) Method of transmission? (3) |
Bacillus Anthracis
Gram +ve, spore forming, TOXIN producing Skin 95%>ingestion>inhalation (hence bioagent) |
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Anthrax:
Presentations of anthrax? (4) |
1. Cutaneous (95%): papule then vesicle then eschar by d10.
2. Gastrointestinal: N+V AbP, dysentry, 3. Inhalation: T, ARDS >90% die within 36hrs 4.Orophryngeal |
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Anthrax diagnosis? (2)
Treatment? (2) |
MC+S, PCR
Ciprofloxacin or doxycyclin + one additional eg. rif, amp, vanc |
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Rabies:
Organism? (1) Morphology? (2) Transmission? (2) |
Rabies virus
bullet shaped rhabdovirus 95% dog bite, <5% rat other bite, aerosol possible |
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Rabies:
Cardinal signs? (3) Clinical course? (3*3) Method of transmission? (3) |
erophobia/hydrophobia
Loss of conciousness ANS stimulation Prodrome: parasthesia pain puritis @ site followed by 1. Furious form (80%) agitation, aggression, confusion 2. Paralytic |
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Rabies post exposure treatment options? (3)
Vaccination regimes? (3) |
No treatment
Vaccine Vaccine + RIg ESSEN (WHO)d1,3,7,14,28 TRC-ID d1,3,7,28,90 +/- RIg infiltrated into site up until d7 |
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Tetanus:
Organism? (1) Morphology? (4) Method of transmission? (2) |
Clostridium tetani
Gram+, spore forming, flagellated, anerobe Broken skin with soil contact, umbilical cord cutting; almost 1/2 of mortality |
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Tetanus:
Pathophysiology? (3) Clinical features? (4) Consequences? (2) |
Bacteria multiply in wound.
TOXIN ascends by axonal transport to CNS. Block GABA>glycine Classic: trisums, risus sardonicus, opsithonus, spasms Respiratory muscle paralysis, 2ary infection |
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Tetanus management? (3)
Tetanus vaccine? |
Debride wound.
HTIg, Abx ITU, BDZ, ventilation Live attenuated (formaldehyde) |
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Brucellosis epidemiology:
Cases/y? (1) High prevalence? (3) |
500,000/y
Med, ME, SAm |
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Brucellosis:
Organism? (1) Transmission? (1) Control? (3) |
Gram -ve coccobacillus
Unpasteurised dairy products Vaccination of lifestock Personal protection Pasteurisation |
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Tularemia:
aka? (1) Organism? (4) Transmission? (3) |
Rabbit fever, deer fly fever
gram -ve intracellular (macrophage) fastidious bacillus Direct, ingestion or tick borne (rare) |
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Tularemia:
Clinical syndromes? (6) |
Ulceroglandular & glandular (80%)
Typhoidal (15%): meningoencephalitis 10% mortality Pulmonary (rare): 50% mortality Occuloglandular, oropharyngeal |
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Tularemia treatment:
Non complicated? (1) Complicated? (2) |
Ciprofloxacin
Typhoidal: Gentamicin Pulmonary: Streptomycin |
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Rat bite:
OrganismS? (2*2) Transmission? (2) |
Complex of TWO coexisting conditions:
1. Rat bite fever: gram -ve bacillus: streptobacillus monoliformis 2. So-do-ku: flagellated spirochete: spirillum minus 60% bite 40% ingestion (Haverhill Fever) |
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"Rat bite fever"
Clinical features? (3+1) Diagnosis? (2) |
Classical triad: relapsing T, rigors & polyarthralgia
MP or petichial rash on hands & feet in 75% Culture from blood, joint fluid Serology |
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Onchocerciasis:
Organism? (1) Morphology? (3) Transmission? (1) |
Onchocerca volvulus
Unsheathed microfilaria, pointed tail. |
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Onchocerciasis:
Pathophysiology? (1) Clinical features? (2) |
Host response to dead dying microfilaria.
Skin lesions: papules, pigment changes, nodules Eye lesions |
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Onchocerciasis:
Diagnosis? (1) Treatment? (1) |
Skin snips
Ivermectin |
