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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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2006 Where is Leprosy still found?
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Angola,
Brazil, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, India, Madagascar, Mozambique, Nepal,Philippines, Syria* Tanzania. *not officially |
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Give the 3 PRINCIPAL MANIFESTATIONS OF LEPROSY:
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ANAESTHETIC SKIN LESIONS
(or hyperaesthesia) PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY PERIPHERAL NERVE THICKENING |
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What are the 4 types of leprosy and their appearences?
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1. INDETERMINATE (painless and hypopigmented)
2. TUBERCULOID(high CMI with elimination of leprosy bacilli) (annular plaque with nerve thickening) 3. BORDERLINE (COMMON) (many, asymmetrical even bands with raised dome-like certres and widespread nerve involvement 4. LEPROMATOUS (poor or no CMI): stable and widespread, symmetrical, mucosa involvement, tinning of eyebrows and thickening of ears *malnutrition/poverty tend to have very poor immune respose |
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What are the two classifications of patients with leprosy?
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1. paucibacillary, FEW skin lesions (TB leprosy)
2. multibacillary hansen's disease, more than 5 lesions (lepromatous leprosy) and is associated with symmetric skin lesions, nodules and plaques and frequent nose bleeds |
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what it the incubation period of leprosy? how is it transmitted?
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incubation 2-5 yrs (TB type) 8-11 years (lepromatous type. contagious through prolonged and intimate contact (unclear role of fomites)
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What is the pathology of leprosy?
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intracellular organism infecting the superficial nerves and skin and inducing a cell mediated response. Variation in host response based on immune response
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how is the diagnosis made?
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1. clinical
2. bacteriological 3. histological 4. lepromin: 0.1 mL of antigen from living m. leprae injected into skin |
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What are two suggestive (albeit unreliable) results of lepromin test?
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1. fernandez reaction erythema appears within 24-72 hrs, this is suggestive result
2. mitsuda nodular appears in 21-31 days |
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What is leprosy triple therapy?
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DR. C or EP
1. dapsone 2. rifampicin 3. clofazamine or ethinobnamide or prothionamide |
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How has the WHO combated leprosy?
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made multi-drug therapy free to everyone in the world who needs it (no longer infectious, no resistance noted, reduced disabling condition)
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What about the stigma of leprosy?
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horrible! worldwide leper colonies, forced sterilizations, suffocated babies
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What does tumbu and botfly cause?
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cutaneous myasis
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What does female sand flea cause?
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tungiasis
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what does nematode larvae cause?
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cut larva migrans
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what causes strongyloides?
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nematode larvae larva currens
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What is the old world type of cutaneous leishmaniasis?
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phlebotomus
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What is the new world type of cutaneous leishmaniasis?
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lutzonia
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sandflies carry
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leishmaniasis
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cutaneous larva migrans caused by:
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larvae of hookworm (dogs and cats)
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chigoe flea, jigger flea
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tungiasis
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