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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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When did Elizabeth gain the throne? |
17th Nov. 1558 |
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What happened on the 20th Nov. 1558? |
Cecil was appointed principle Secretary and Dudley appointed Master of the Horse. |
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When was Elizabeth's coronation? |
15th January 1559 |
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When was Cateau-Cambresis between France and Spain? |
1559 |
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When were the Acts of Uniformity and Supremacy? (Along with Book of Common Prayer & the Royal injunctions?) |
1559 |
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When was Parker appointed Archbishop? |
1559 |
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When did Elizabeth send aid to the Lords of Congregation? When were the Treaties of Edinburgh and Berwick? |
1559 1560 |
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In what year does Military support for the french Huguenots start, along with Elizabeth falling ill with Small Pox? |
1562 |
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What occurs in 1563 |
Thirty-Nine Articles Elizabeth pressed to marry Publication of Foxes Book of Martyrs |
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When was the treaty of Troyes? |
1564 |
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When was the vestments controversy? |
1565-66 |
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When does Mary Queen of Scots abdicate and the Duke of Parma control the Netherlands? |
1567 |
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When does MQS flee to England, Elizabeth seize Spanish bullion and Douai founded? |
1568 |
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What occured in 1569? |
Northern rebellion |
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When was Elizabeth excommunicated? |
1570 |
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Which Bishop presided over Elizabeth's coronation? |
Bishop of Carlisle, the only Bishop willing to. |
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What did Elizabeth believe? |
She was entitled to rule the Kingdom from the start of her reign. Royal prerogative. |
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What elements made up the religious settlement? |
Act of Supremacy-59 Act of Uniformity-59 Royal injunctions-59 Thirty-nine Articles-63 |
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What did the Act of uniformity specify? |
Use of the Book of Common Prayer Variation of the Eucharistic belief allowing the 49 & 52 wording Black rubic was omitted. |
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What have Neale and co. argued about the religious settlement? |
Neale-more protestant than intended, she was pressured by the Puritan Choir in the house of Commons. Haugaard believed Liz saw the settlement as final. Hudson argued Liz always wanted the settlement to be firmly protestant Jones argued Liz and her Ministers wanted a complete settlement from the start. Lake offered the two speed settlement, Liz and Her ministers wanted different things. |
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What was the fundamental paradox of Elizabeth's reign? (Religion) |
Elizabeth's most enthusiastic supporters often demonstrated a protestant zeal which ensured their loyalty to Liz, but was wholly at variance with her own skeptical sometimes conservative approach to religious matters. |
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What has John Guy said about Elizabeth's policy? |
'She controlled her policy more than any other Tudor' |
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Who joined Cecil on the Privy Council in 1559? |
Sir Francis Bacon Earl of Bedford Sir Francis Knollys Winchester Arundel Pembroke Shewsbury Kinninghall group was excluded (Close to Mary) |
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What is the view on Factional rivalry in Liz's early years? |
Traditionalists- Faction between Leicester and Cecil Guy- No rivalry, homogeneity resulting from many of the members being related. |
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What were the functions of the PC? |
Advice to Queen. Law making Oversee defense Enforce laws Act as Star chamber Manage parliament Manage Crown Finances |
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What were the functions of Parliament |
Law making- 438 Advice- Liz rarely consulted them for advice Tax- 11/3 parliaments passed tax. |
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What was Neale's view of parliament? What was Elton's response to Neale? |
The House of Commons was the predominant consitutional force in the 1600's. The influence of the HofC could be traced back to the 40 Mps in the Puritan Choir. Believed Norton was opposition. Elton claimed Neale overemphasized the Puritan Choir and under estimated the House of Lords. Norton was Burghley's man. Overall it is thought to be a largely secondary feature of government. |
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How was parliament linked to patronage? |
Local gentry were rewarded with borough seats. |
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How did the Privy Council manage parliament? |
1) Use of men of business 2) Councillor's often began the session by outlining the Crowns objectives. 3) They introduced Bulls 4) Speaker was elected from a list sugested by PC 5) Able to summon and dissolve parliament Imprison non-conforming MPs i.e Watson John Guy- Legislative business was properly directed |
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Explain the convocation of 63. |
Liz called Parliament in 3 and the convocations of York and Canterbury met at the same time, most clergy expected further reform of: 1) The doctrine & catechism 2) Further reform to the BofCP 3) Better Church laws. 4) Financial help for poorer clergy. |
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What did the petition of Convocation request, and how successful was it? |
Requested: 1) Abolition of Holy days 2) Ministers to be able to face their congregation when delivering sermons. 3) Omission of the cross from baptism 4) Abolition of organ music Defeated by one vote. Little was achieved Clergy began to realize the settlement was final. |
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What were the Thirty-Nine Articles? |
Based on Cranmers Forty-Two Articles Placed emphasis on justification by faith. |
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How is the Church by 63? |
Liz happy having achieved the desired settlement. Clergy want further reform. |
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Explain the vestments controversy |
Clergy were against Albs and Copes. Parker was aware of Liz's irritation so summoned Sampson and Humphrey. Jan. 65 Liz puts more pressure on Parker who played for time. Liz dismissed Sampson in May 65. Parker gave in to royal pressure and issued the Advertisements in March 66. 37 London Clergy refused and were deprived. |
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What were Parkers Articles? |
Clergy were to follow one uniform of rites and manners and one behavior in their clothing. Some concession, Clergy could wear a different form at Communion. |
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What were the implications of the vestments controversy. |
Queens willingness to enforce the settlement Desire to remove the last vestiges of Catholicism Liz wasn't always able to enforce her will. European support for protestants was limited |
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What has Haigh said about Catholics? |
'Most Catholics bent with the times' Most Catholics were 'church Papists' |
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When did the pope forbid English Catholics from taking part in CofE services? |
1566 |
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What was Elizabeth's attitude towards Catholics? |
Toleration was dependent on obedience of Royal supremacy |
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Catholic practices were not tolerated. What made authorities aware of the strength of Catholicism? |
Catholicism had been restored with relative ease under Mary. Catholic opinion remained strong in the HofL Bulk of Clergy still Catholic in instinct. Haigh- For a decade or more the CofE was a Protestant Church with many Catholic Churches, and for even longer, it was a Protestant Church with many Catholic clergy. Liz was concerned by threats from Catholic France and Spain. |
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What did the 69. Rebellion and excommunication of Liz cause? |
A more punitive attitude towards Catholics. |
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Why dd Liz intervene in Scotland? |
Mary's husband gained the French throne giving power to the guise faction who introduced French troops to Scotland. This alarmed John Knox & the lords of congregation. Liz didn't want to intervene as she didn't want to support a rebellion against a Monarch setting a precedent. Cecil favored intervention, and manipulated Liz. Cecil got his way despite opposition from the council (Bacon). |
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Why did Cecil favor intervention |
Felt England would be more secure without French troops in Scotland. Sympathized with the protestants. Thought the removal of MQS would strengthen Liz. |
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How did Liz intervene? |
First limited to money and armaments.Dec. 59 Navy was sent North to blockade the firth of the Forth. March 60 the Army was sent North. Failed but fortunately the French had to withdraw resulting in the favorable treaty of Edinburgh. |
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When and why did MQS return to Scotland? |
Francis II died, she lost power in France. |
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Explain the intervention in France |
Conflict after Guise's massacre of French Huguenots in March 62. Dudley encourages Liz to grant a £30,000 loan and 6000 men to the Prince of Conde (Huguenot) with Le Havre as security. Huguenots defeated, Conde captured and Guise assassinated. Leaderless troops make peace and drive the English out of Le Havre. Unfavorable treaty of Troyes, Liz lost Calais permanently. Liz FP becomes more conservative. |
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How were relations between England and France between Troyes and Blois? |
Continued instablity in France, Liz unwilling to intervene Liz tries to maintain power with Catherine de Medici to prevent the Guise's. Deteriorating relations with Spain encourage a closer alliance. Marriage proceedings with Anjou. Thaw leads to Treaty of Blois. Guy- A defensive league against Spain. |
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Relations deteriorated with Spain in the 60s, why? |
1) Hawkins attempted to break the Spanish monopoly in the Caribbean 2) Netherlands important for trade, didn't want tighter Spanish control. 3) Liz impounds Spanish florins, Wilson-A risky act of piracy 4) Da silva was no longer ambassador |
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Explain MQS in Scotland |
MQS a threat because she was a Catholic claimant to the throne. This threat was reduced by the death of Francis II. Mary becomes reliant on protestant politicians. Mary marries Lord Darnley in June 65 undermining protestants in the Scottish court and English influence. Mary and Darnley are ill fitted and they seperate in 66 after Darnely murders Mary's secretary. Darnley himself was murder in Feb 67 and Mary marries the heif suspect, Hepburn who was disliked and distrusted in Scotland. |
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Explain MQS in Scotland Pt. II |
Mary made herself so politically vulnerable their is a coup by Morray who forces her to abdicate & declares James King. Liz is furious. Mary escapes captivity, raises an army which is defeated at Langside. Flees to England. Peace for a short time till Morray's assassination. Short CW between Mary's supporters and James supporters. |
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Explain Liz's intervention in Scotland in 1570-72 |
Northern rebels joined Mary causing her to send forces under Sussex to seize border strongholds. Rebels continued to harass the boarder leading to action supporting the lords of congregation, infuriating Charles IX who threatened war forcing retreat. In July 70 Mary's supports helped exiled rebels and sought French support. Liz intervenes with greater strategic success Mary's supporters give up. Liz intervenes again in 72 supporting Morton. After four interventions relations with Scotland are difficult. |
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What attempts were there to expand trade to America? |
John Hawkins makes three missions: 1 & 2 successful, 2nd has crown support. 3rd, Hawkins fleet blocked by the Spanish in Mexico. |
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What was the impact of the excommunication of Liz in 1570? |
Forced a choice for Catholics between the Pope and the Queen. Introduced an element of fear to the minds of the PC and Queen. Act against bringing in and executing Papal Bulls, and Treason Act makes the fear clear. Guy- Created an inexorable logic for Liz that Protestants were loyal and Catholics traitors. |
