Trimester 2 History Exam

Front 1

Why was Egypt’s social pyramid fairly rigid?

Back 1

The social class was rigid because you belonged to the same class as your parents, little chance of moving to a higher class, and Egyptians married within their own social class.

Front 2

Describe the different roles of men and women.

Back 2

Men were the head of the household, worked to support their families, and trained their sons to take over their work. Women managed the household, raised children, and some worked as doctors, priestesses, and officials.

Front 3

Why did the Egyptians believe in the rigid class system?

Back 3

The class system created a stable well ordered society- with it’s own role to play in society.

Front 4

Describe the work of the government officials called vizier?

Back 4

Vizier’s carried out the pharaoh’s command, advised the pharaohs, supervised other government officials, served as a judge, and depicted as wearing white the color of neutrality.

Front 5

What was the primary job of a temple priest and how did he gain entrance to the sanctuary?

Back 5

Their primary job was to take care of the temples special god. They also preformed healing. To gain entrance to the sanctuary they had to be purified. To be purified you couldn’t eat fish, had to shave all body hair, bath 3-4 times a day, and wore linen

Front 6

Who was in charge of embalming and why was it important?

Back 6

Priests were in charge of embalming and it was important because people were believed to go to an afterlife. They used natron to dry out the body. Natron is a type of salt.

Front 7

Describe the varied types of jobs held by scribes.

Back 7

Scribes were official’s writers and record keepers. They also kept track of army supply, wrote results of government Census. Census- is a population count.

Front 8

Describe the different types of crafts artisans specialized in making.

Back 8

Artisans were highly skilled laborer. They woe fabric, beaded clothing, and made perfume Artisans specialized in carving, weaving, producing statues, and sculpting.

Front 9

Describe the largest and lowest social class in the pyramid and what they did?

Back 9

The largest and lowest group in the social class was peasants. Peasants grew crops that fed everyone. When not working they helped build pyramids. All classes depended on them.

Front 10

Peasant life revolved around the Nile. What are the 3 seasons and describe each?

Back 10

The 3 seasons are planting season, harvest season, and flood season. Planting season was in October and farmers were sowing their fields. Flooding season was from June to September and farmers waited for the water to recede. It brought fertile soil. Harvest season began in March and usually the entire family helped harvest. Worked from sunrise to sunset. Cut down the harvest with a sickle. Sickle is a metal blade with a short wooden handle.

Front 11

Each year when the Nile flooded what did egyptians celebrate?

Back 11

they celebrated the opet festival; the only time all societies came together

Front 12

who did the egyptians celebrate in the festival?

Back 12

they celebrated the pharaoh and the god Amon-Re

Front 13

what is the order from top to bottom on the social pyramid?

Back 13

it was pharaoh, government officials, priests, scribes, artisans, and peasants

Front 14

What did the class or rank determine?

Back 14

it determined advantages, disadvantages, work responsibilities, and quality of life

Front 15

what was egyptian society structured like?

Back 15

like a pyramid

Front 16

Social pyramid

Back 16

(a pyramid outline showing the positions of the social classes according to their status in a society)

Front 17

what were pharaohs considered?

Back 17

they were considered gods

Front 18

what were the pharaohs word considered

Back 18

they were considered law

Front 19

what did religion do to pharaohs authority

Back 19

it strengthened there power

Front 20

what was the social pyramid made of?

Back 20

it was made of social classes

Front 21

social class

Back 21

a group in a society that is ranked by factors such as wealth, property, and rights

Front 22

what did classes near the top have?

Back 22

classes near the top had fewer people and enjoyed higher status

Front 23

status

Back 23

means importance

Front 24

what did classes near the bottom have?

Back 24

classes near the bottom had a greater number of people, lower status

Front 25

who occupied the next two positons under the pharaoh on the social class

Back 25

Government officials and priests

Front 26

what did government officials do?

Back 26

they carried out the pharaohs orders,

Front 27

what type of families did government officials come from?

Back 27

they came from noble families

Front 28

Noble

Back 28

of high birth or rank

Front 29

goverment officials

Back 29

powerful, wealthy, and enjoyed high quality of life

Front 30

why were priests powerful?

Back 30

they were powerful because religion played an important role in everday life

Front 31

what were priests in charge of?

Back 31

they were in charge of temples and religous cerimonies like death and burial

Front 32

scribes

Back 32

had a respected position in society

Front 33

what did scribes record information for?

Back 33

they recorded information for the government and religous leaders

Front 34

what were the jobs of artisans?

Back 34

Artisans were craftsmen, carpenters, metalworkers, painters, sculptors , and stone carvers

Front 35

artisans

Back 35

highly skilled but had little social status

Front 36

peasant

Back 36

a person who does farm work for wealthy landowners

Front 37

where are the peasants located on the social pyramid

Back 37

they were the lowest and largest social class

Front 38

what did peasants do when not on the fields and what did they do for all the social classes?

Back 38

peasants provided a steady food supply and when not farming they were working on the pharaohs building projects

Front 39

what did the egyptians believe the class system created?

Back 39

they believed it created a stable well ordered society because each class had its own role to play

Front 40

what were the government officials job?

Back 40

there job was to assist the pharaoh

Front 41

how did some people become government officials?

Back 41

they inherited their parents positon or even some servants got it

Front 42

what did chief treasurers do?

Back 42

chief treasurer oversaw the pharaohs wealth and collected taxes

Front 43

Egyptians economy wasn't based on money. what was it based on?

Back 43

it was based on grain, cows, cloth, and silver

Front 44

what did the general of the army do?

Back 44

the general of the army advised the pharaoh in matters of war and national security; protecting Egypt’s borders from invaders. they also helped form alliances with other kingdoms

Front 45

what did most nobles have?

Back 45

they had wealth, fine homes, and had plenty of time to socialize

Front 46

government officials would have lavish (generous) banquets

Back 46

a. guests wore fine linen
b. men and women wore perfume
c. women wore jewelry, painted their nails and lined their eyes with makeup
d. guests would offer the host blessings/good health
e. men sat on one side, women on the other
f. important guest had special chairs; everyone else sat on stools or cushions
g. servants, mostly women, waited on guests
h. guest ate with their fingers
i. guests treated to musicians, dancers, and acrobats

Front 47

where was the temple god believed to live?

Back 47

it lived in a statue housed in the sanctuary

Front 48

what were temple priests in charge of?

Back 48

they were in charge of main temples, gave advice, preformed healings, and took care of the temples holy god

Front 49

what did high priest do?

Back 49

they advised the pharaoh and oversaw religous ceremonies

Front 50

afterlife

Back 50

life after death

Front 51

what were the steps to embalming?

Back 51

a. body organs removed; brain, lungs and liver – hooks used to remove brain through the nose.
b. The heart remained in the body – it judged a dead person’s soul
c. organs packed in jars to preserve them
d. The body was then dried out with a special salt called natron.
e. After about 70 days, body is washed and oiled
f. body is then wrapped in yards of linen
g. the body (mummy) is decorated with jewelry and protective charms.
h. Often, a mask is placed over the head
i. finally, a black goo is spread over the body and wrapped a final time
j. mummy placed in a wooden box
k. wooden box stored inside a large stone coffin called a sarcophagus

Front 52

were women allowed to be scribes?

Back 52

No only men were allowed

Front 53

what age did scribe school begin around?

Back 53

it lasted 12 years; starting at 5

Front 54

heiroglyphs

Back 54

a symbol used in hieroglyphics, a system of writing

Front 55

how many hieroglyps did students have to memorize?

Back 55

Students memorized over 700 hieroglyphs

Front 56

what did students write on?

Back 56

they wrote on wood, flakes of stone, and broken pottery

Front 57

what did they write on when a scribe?

Back 57

Scribes wrote on papyrus, and a type of paper from papyrus

Front 58

what time did school start and end?

Back 58

it began at dawn and ended at dusk

Front 59

what were students punished for?

Back 59

they were punished for being lazy and not paying attention

Front 60

what were scribes jobs?

Back 60

1.Recorded accounts of the grain and food supply
2. Wrote results of government census – counted people
3. Calculated and collected taxes
4. Military scribes – kept tract of the army’s soldiers and food supply, and the number of enemies killed.

Front 61

what types of tools did scribes use?

Back 61

1. For pens, sharpened reeds (stylus)
2. For paper, papyrus laid on a writing tablet – made of wood or stone
a. Tablet held 2 wells – one for black and red ink
b. Plus a small container for water to wet the ink

Front 62

how did scribes make papyrus?

Back 62

Strips laid in crisscross pattern, pressed flat until water is absorbed and formed into sheet of paper.

Front 63

what was the hardest rock artisans used?

Back 63

Dolerite was the hardest rock they used

Front 64

how did they refine the shape and detail?

Back 64

used stone tools and copper chisels

Front 65

what did they use quartz for?

Back 65

to sand smooth and polish objects

Front 66

did they sign their work?

Back 66

No Artisans rarely signed there own work and were not reconized

Front 67

what type of house did peasants live in?

Back 67

plain houses of mud bricks; very little furniture – usually just a woven mat on the floor

Front 68

what did peasants eat daily?

Back 68

The diet – daily meal = onions, cucumbers and fish with bread, sometimes with peas and lentils

Front 69

what were the leaders of ancient egypt called

Back 69

pharaohs

Front 70

what did archeaologists discover in 1922

Back 70

the tomb of king tutankhaten

Front 71

what did they find in his tomb

Back 71

3 coffins nesting inside each other, statues, weapons, furniture, and even a chariot

Front 72

what were the 3 long periods of stability and unity in ancient egypt

Back 72

the old kingdom, middle kingdom and new kingdom

Front 73

what was the old kingdom also known as

Back 73

the age of the pyramid

Front 74

what was the middle kingdom also known as

Back 74

the period of reunification

Front 75

thewhat was the new kingdom also known as

Back 75

the golden age

Front 76

when did ancient sumer flourish

Back 76

between 3500 & 2300 BCE

Front 77

what were the four empires in mesopotamia

Back 77

akkadians
assyrians
babylonians
Neo-babylonians

Front 78

where did the akkadians come from

Back 78

Northern mesopotamia

Front 79

who was the akkadians king

Back 79

king sargon and he was a strong skilled general

Front 80

how did he build his empire

Back 80

throug heffective military strategies

Front 81

in what kind of formation did he train his soldiers

Back 81

in a tight very close formation
soldiers with shields in the front behind was soldiers with spears

Front 82

what did he use to conquer mesopotamia

Back 82

his effective military strategies

Front 83

how did he control his large empire

Back 83

he used clever political strategies

Front 84

what were his political strategies

Back 84

destroyed the city-state walls.
demanded loyalty of the city- state governors or wold have them replaced. he decreed that his son would be the next ruler

Front 85

what was the greates achievement of the akkadians

Back 85

they created the first empire

Front 86

how many years did king sargon rule for and what did he make the capital of his empire

Back 86

he ruled for 56 and he made Agade the empires capital

Front 87

what did he use to build his city up

Back 87

tribute

Front 88

how did the sumerian culture live on after being conquered

Back 88

the akkaidians used their irrigation techniques. the used cuineform. worshipped the same gods and goddess but with different names

Front 89

what was the akkaidians cultural achievement

Back 89

to eventually replace the sumerian language with their own language

Front 90

in the arts what were they well known for

Back 90

they were known for their 3-D sculptures. artisans carved relief sculptures on stone called steles

Front 91

after how many years did the akkaidian empire grow weak

Back 91

after 200 year they fell to invaders

Front 92

who was the king of the babylonian empire

Back 92

king hammurabi

Front 93

were was babylon located and what did king hammurabi make it

Back 93

it was located in central mesopotamia and he made it the capital of his empire

Front 94

what was he best known for

Back 94

the code of laws

Front 95

what were the codes used for

Back 95

they were used to unify and preserve order in his empire

Front 96

whose authority were the codes based on

Back 96

they were based on hammurabi's authority and the gods. he claimed the gods told him to create the laws

Front 97

what were the codes written on and wear were they placed

Back 97

they were written on a stele and placed in a temple

Front 98

where they the first set of laws to apply to everyone

Back 98

yes

Front 99

what did hamurabbi do

Back 99

he worked to unite the people, build roads,and crated a postal service. agriculture and trade also flourished

Front 100

where was babylon located

Back 100

located on the banks of the euphrates and became an important center of trade