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76 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does the investing fascia of the neck surround? |
superficial muscles (trapezius and sternocleidomastoid) |
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What does the pretracheal fascia surround? |
surrounds viscera (thyroid, parynx, larynx, esophagus and trachea) |
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What is the buccopharyngeal fascia? |
part of pretracheal fascia that covers posterior surface of pharyngeal muscles |
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What does the carotid sheath surround? |
neurovascular bundle: - carotid arteries - internal jugular v. - vagus n. |
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What does the prevertebral fascia surround? |
epaxial muscles prevertebral muscles scalene muscles vertebra |
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What is the danger zone? |
retropharyngeal space between buccopharyngeal fascia and prevertebral fascia due to communication with superior mediastinum and ability of infection to spread |
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What does the sternoocleidomastiod attach to? |
from sternum and clavicle to mastoid process and occipital bone |
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What does the sternocleidomastoid divide the neck into? |
anterior and posterior triangles |
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What are the boundaries of the posterior triangle of the neck? |
anterior: posterior edge of sternocleidomastoid posterio: anterior edge of trapezius base: superior border of clavicle roof: investing layer of deep cervical fascia floor: prevertebral fascia over scalene, levator scapulae and splenius capitis |
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What is the posterior triangle of the neck divided into? |
divided by inferior belly of omohyoid into the supraclavicular triangle and occipital triangle |
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What is contained within the posterior triangle of the neck? |
- CN XI (spinal accessory n.) - cutaneous branches of cervical plexus - inferior belly of omohyoid - thyrocervical trunk - subclavian a/v in supraclavicular triangle region |
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What are the borders of the anterior triangle of the neck? |
- anterior border of sternocleidomastoid - inferior border of mandible - median plane of neck |
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What is the submental triangle boundaries? |
- apex: chin - base: hyloid bone - sides: right and left anterior belly of digastric - floor: mylohyoid m. |
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What is in the submental triangle? |
submental lymph nodes |
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What are the boundaries of the paired digastric triangles? |
superior: mandible inferior: posterior belly of digastric m. medial: anterior belly of digastric m. floor: mylohyoid m. |
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What are the contents of the paired digastric triangles? |
- stylohoid m. - facial a/v - submandibular gland - submandibular lymph nodes |
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What are the boundaries of the muscular triangle? |
median plane of neck superior belly of omohyoid sternocleidomastoid |
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What are the contents of the muscular triangle? |
- infrahyoid muscles - larynx - trachea - esophagus - thyroid and parathyroid glands |
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What are the boundaries of the carotid triangle? |
- superior belly of omohyoid m. - sternocleidomastoid - posterior belly of digastric m. |
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What are the contents of the carotid triangle? |
- carotid body - carotid sinus - carotid sheath - bifurcation of common carotid into internal and external carotid - internal jugular v. - vagus n. - hypoglossal n. |
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What are the suprahyoid muscles? |
muscles attached to hyoid bone - post. and ant. belly of digastric - mylohyoid - stylohyoid - geniohyoid |
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What innervates the post. belly of digastric and stylohyoid? |
CN VII (facial n.) |
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What is the function of the stylohyoid and the post. belly of digastric? |
elevate, retract and fix in place the hyoid bone |
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What is the innervation of the ant. belly of the digastric and the mylohyoid? |
CN V3 |
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What is the function of the ant. belly of the digastric and the mylohyoid? |
(poorly) depress the mandible elevate and fix in place the hyoid bone |
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What is the innervation of the geniohyoid? |
C1 = cervical spinal nerve 1 |
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What are the infrahyoid muscles? |
attach to inferior side of hyoid bone - superior and inferior belly of omohyoid - sternohyoid - sternothyroid - thyrohyoid |
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What is the innervation of the infrahyoid muscles? |
ansa cervicalis EXCEPT thyrohyoid gets C1 |
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What is the function of the infrahyoid muscles? |
depress hyoid bone or keep it in place when swallowing |
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What levels does the cervical plexus come from? |
C1 - C5 located at Erb's point |
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Where do the sensory fibers from the cervical plexus emerge? |
posterior border of sternocleidomastoid |
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What are the sensory nerves coming off the cervical plexus? |
- supraclavicular - transverse cervical - greater auricle - lesser occipital |
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What is the ansa cervicalis? |
A nerve loop from C1 - C3 laying on the carotid sheath innervating most infrahyoid muscles |
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What is the superior root of the ansa cervicalis? |
ansa hypoglossi C1 and C2 branches |
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What is the path of the ansa hypoglossi? |
travels with hypoglossal nerve (CN VII) for a little bit before branching off to lay on the anterior side of carotid sheath |
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What branch comes off of the superior root of the ansa cervicalis? |
Part of C1 continues to travel with CN VII to innervate the glenohyoid and thyrohyoid m. |
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What is the posterior root of the ansa cervicalis? |
ansa decendens C2 and C3 |
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What is the pathway of the ansa descendens? |
comes to lay on posterolateral side of carotid sheath and then loops up to anterior side to join with ansa hypoglossi |
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What levels of the cervical plexus does the phrenic n. come from? |
C3 - C5 |
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What is the carotid sinus? |
baroreceptor at bifurcation of common carotid that checks blood pressure of cerebral arteries |
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What is the carotid body? |
chemoreceptor at bifurcation of common carotid that checks CO2 levels in blood and sends signal to change breathing patterns |
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What are the branches of the external carotid artery? |
- Superior thyroid - to thyroid - Lingual - to tongue and oral cavity - Facial - to external face and oral cavity - Maxilary - to infratemporal fossa, nasal cavity and teeth - Superficial temporal - to temporal region and side of head - Posterior Auricular - to ear - Occipital - to post. region of scalp - Ascending pharyngeal - to larynx and pharynx Some Little Fat Man Stole Papa's Only Apple |
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What is the branch of the superior thyroid artery? |
superior laryngeal - pierces through thyrohyoid membrane to get to larynx |
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What are the branches of the facial artery? |
inferior and superior labial angular artery is end artery |
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What are the branches of the subclavian artery? |
vertebral - travels through transverse foramina, through occipital triangle and through foramen magnum to form the basil artery thyrocervical trunk - supplies neck, thyroid and shoulder |
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What are the branches coming off of the thyrocervical trunk? |
- Suprascapular - Ascending cervical - Transverse cervical - Inferior thyroid Sally Ate Ten Infants |
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What are the major veins of the neck? |
internal jugular v. external jugular v. vertebral v. |
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What does the internal jugular vein drain? |
brain, superficial face, deep face, neck |
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Where does the internal jugular vein begin? |
at jugular foramen where the joining of sigmoid and inferior petrosal sinus occur |
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What are the tributaries of the internal jugular vein? |
- sigmoid sinus - inferior petrosal sinus - retromandibular v. - facial v. - lingual v. - superior thyroid v. - middle thyroid v. Sometimes I Really Feel Lousy Studying Medicine |
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What are the jugular veins' location in relation to the sternocleidomastoid? |
internal jugular - deep to sternocleidomastoid external jugular - superficial to sternocleidomastoid |
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What does the external jugular vein drain? |
- scalp - posterior neck and shoulder - superficial and deep face |
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What are the tributaries of the external jugular vein? |
- anterior jugular - suprascapular - retromandibular - superficial temporal - maxillary |
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Where is the retromandibular vein formed? |
deep within parotid gland by superficial temporal and maxillary |
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What is the thyroid gland composed of? |
two lobes with an isthmus between them possible embryological remnant called pyramidal lobe from migration of thyroid from posterior to anterior in development |
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What does the thyroid gland override? |
second and third tracheal ring |
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What is the function of the thyroid gland? |
metabolic regulation |
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What runs posterior to the thyroid gland? |
recurrent laryngeal nerves |
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What is the blood supply of the thyroid gland? |
- superior thyroid - from external carotid - inferior thyroid - thyrocervical trunk |
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What drains the blood of the thyroid gland? |
drains into internal jugular vein |
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What can a thyroid tumor cause? |
hoarseness of voice by pressing on recurrent laryngeal nerves |
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Where is the superior cervical ganglion located? |
base of skull anterior to atlas |
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What are the middle and inferior cervical ganglion responsible for? |
sympathetic control of heart and thyroid |
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What is the stellate ganglion? |
what inferior cervical ganglion is called when fused with first thoracic sympathetic ganglion |
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What is the path of the vagus nerve in the neck? |
travels in carotid sheath and then enters thorax via superior thoracic aperture right recurrent laryngeal wraps around right subclavian a. left recurrent laryngeal wraps around arch of aorta |
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What are the superficial lymph nodes? |
occipital retroauricular parotid facial submandibular submental |
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Where are the occipital nodes? |
back of head |
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Where are the retroauricular nodes? |
around the ear
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Where are the parotid nodes? |
superficial to parotid gland, drain lateral face |
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Where are the facial nodes? |
throughout the face |
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Where are the submandibular nodes? |
in submandibular triangle by submandibular gland, drain superficial face |
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Where are the submental nodes? |
in submental triangle, drain chin and anterior tongue |
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What is the flow of lymph in the head and neck? |
superficial nodes - deep cervical nodes - jugular trunks - right lymphatic duct OR thoracic duct |
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Where is the jugulodigastric node? |
where digastric muscle crosses internal jugular v. |
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What does the jugulodigastric node drain? |
- palatine tonsils - pharynx - posterior tongue |
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Why is the jugulodigastric node important? |
where lots of lymph drains, if inflamed there's a problem |
