Triangles And Root Of The Neck For Gross Anatomy

Front 1

Surface anatomy of the neck 1

mandible

Back 1

ramus, angle, body

Front 2

surface anatomy of the neck 2

Transverse process of atlas

Back 2

largest cervical transverse process.

Front 3

surface anatomy of the neck 3

Temporal bone features include

Back 3

styloid process, mastoid process, and stylohyoid ligament

Front 4

Surface anatomy of the neck 4

Hyoid bone

Back 4

at junction of soft structures of floor and mouth of larynx(at level of C3)

This is above thyroid

Front 5

Surface anatomy of neck 5

thyroid cartilage

Back 5

1-2 cm below the hyoid bone
< laterally located laminae- unite anteriorly to form laryngeal prominence
< Prominence= adam's apple

Front 6

Surface anatomy of neck 6

Cricoid cartilage

Back 6

just inferior to thyroid cartilage(1 finger down from adam's apple) This forms a complete ring located at C6 level

Front 7

Dorsal rami

Back 7

split of spinal nerve to ventral and dorsal rami.

Front 8

Facial N, Cervical Branch

Back 8

supplies the platysma

Front 9

Cervical Triangles

Back 9

neck is subdivided in a series of cervical triangles
1. Posterior triangle
2. Anterior triangle

Front 10

Posterior Cervical Triangle boarder.

Back 10

tip of triangle- occipital bone just behind the mastoid process where borders of Sternocleidomastoid(SCM) Muscle and Trapezius meet(Spinal acessory nerve intervates these two muscles.

Front 11

Posterior triangle boarders (2)

anterior side

Back 11

Posterior border of SCM

Front 12

Posterior triangle boarders (3)

posterior side

Back 12

anterior margin of trapezius

Front 13

Posterior triangle boarders (4)

Base

Back 13

Middle 1/3 of clavicle

Note; The spinal accessory nerve (cnXI) divdies posterior boarder into 2 regions 1 upper carefree region and 2 lower careful region houses important structures

Front 14

Contents of Posterior Triangle

Back 14

Omohyoid M.( A: depresses Hyoid bone.)
Acessory Nerve
Brachial Plexus
Subclavian A.

Front 15

Contents of the Posterior Triangle (2)

subclavian Artery

Back 15

It is not bilateral- left subclavian is a direct branch of the aortic arch. The right subclavian is a branch of brachiocephalic trunk. Subclavian Artery is located posterior to the anterior scalene muscle

Front 16

Anterior Cervical Triangle (1)

Borders

Back 16

Superior- inferior border of the mandible (base is at top of neck)

Lateral- anterior border of SCM

Medial- anterior midline
Roof(or point) skin and superficial fascia w/ platysma muscle.

Front 17

the Anterior Triangle can be divided in to 4 sub triangles

Back 17

1. Muscular Triangle
2. Carotid triangle
3. Submandibular(digastric) triangle
4. Submental Triangle

Front 18

Sternocleidomastoid(SCM) Muscle.

Back 18

Sternocleidomastiod (SCM)- muscle divides the anterior from posterior triangle
I: mastoid process of temporal bone and lateral 1/2 of superior nucahl line.

A: One side only- turns face to opposite side, side bends head to same side.
N: CN XI spinal accessory and sensory form OPtic and Oculomotor

Front 19

Torticocollis

Back 19

a spasmatic, contracted SCM, most common in newborn, Head turns to one side.

Front 20

Antrerior Cervical triangle first sudivision.

Muscular triangle

Back 20

composed of 4 muscles
Sternohyoid- N(ansa cervicalis)
Sternothyroid- N(Ansa Cervicalis)
Thyrohyoid- N(Nerve of thyrohyoid (c1)
Omohyoid- N(ansa cerviclis)

action is depress hyoid down.

Front 21

Thyroid Gland (located in Muscular Triangle)

Back 21

Releases of hormones such as thyroxine and thyrocalcitonin Has a left and right lateral lobe.

Front 22

Isthmus

Back 22

connect the 2 lobes located at level 2nd 3rd and 4th tracheal rings avoid when doing a tracheostomy

Front 23

Pyramidal lobe

Back 23

a lobe present in 50 % of people . it extends from near isthmus superiorly to or toward hyoid bone.

Front 24

Hyperthyrodism and hypothyrodism

Back 24

can both cause muscle weakness and fatigue. Increase in thyrocalcitonin= a decrease in calcium causing hyperthyrodism

Front 25

Parathyroid glands(Muscular Triangle)

Back 25

2-6 small glands that attach to posterior surface of thyroid lobes. Endocricne glands that secrete parathyroid homone (PTH) which is involved with regulating Calcium and phosphorus metabolism. Increase or decreased PTH will cause bone problem

Front 26

Atries in Muscular Triangle

Back 26

1.Superior Thyroid: 1st branch of the external carotid ar
2. Inferior Thyroid: a branch of the thyrocervical trunk that in turn is a branch from the subclavian A.
**During surgery on thyroid Inferior thyroid A has to be litigagted and should avoid damage to recurrent laryngeal n. because damaging this nerve can cause voice to change where patient can't talk after surgery.

Front 27

2. Carotid Triangle( subdivision of Anterior cervical triangle.

Back 27

there are no muscles in this triangle but lots of nerves and vascular structures

Front 28

Contents of Carotid triangle 1

Carotid sheath has what directly underneath it

Back 28

a. carotid artery
b. internal jugular vein(tagged every yr.
c. vagus nerves

Front 29

contents of carotid triangle 2

2.Ansa Cervicalis
3 hypoglossal nerve

Back 29

2.Nerve that comes from C1-C3 it sits superficial to carotid sheath.

3. motor to tongue muscles

Front 30

Contents of carotid triangle 3
4. Cervical part of sympathetic trunk

Back 30

divides in two
1. superior sympathetic cervical ganglion(flat oval shaped)

2. cervicothoracic(stellate) ganglion- is at level of first rib.

Front 31

Branches of vagus nerve( running through carotid triangle)

Back 31

1. superior Laryngeal n

2. recurrent laryngeal n.

Front 32

Superior Laryngeal n.

Back 32

branch of vagus nerve

A. internal branch pierces thyrohyoid membrane. It is the sensory nerve of the larynx down to the vocal folds.

B. External br innervates circiothyoid M which is the vocal muscle.

Front 33

Recurrent Laryngeal (inferior laryngeal N)

Back 33

branch of vagus nerve.

2 sides left loops around the aortic arch and right loops around the subclavian artery.

Invervates all vocal muscles except the cricothyroid m

a. sensory nerve to larynx inferior to vocal cords and motor to intrinsic muscles of larynx.
b. it is crossed over with inferior thyroidal Artery at the lower border of thyroid.

Front 34

Common carotid system

Back 34

still in carotid triangle has 4 parts
1. Carotid sinus
2. Carotid Body
3. Internal Carotid artery
4. External Carotid artery

Front 35

Carotid Sinus

Back 35

contains sensory receptors (baroreceptors) pressure responsive to changes in arterial pressure, it is supplied by the carotid branch of glosopharyngeal nerve (IX)

Front 36

Carotid Body

Back 36

in area of bifurcation- acts as chemoreceptor; responds to excess CO2 and reduced O2 tension in blood, innbervated by CNIX and X

Front 37

Internal Carotid Artery

Back 37

no branches in the neck

Front 38

External Carotid artey

Back 38

has 7 branches:
1. Superior Thyroid A
2. Ascending pharyngeal A
3. Lingual A
4. Occipital A
5. Facial A
6. Posterior auricular A
7. Maxillary A.

Front 39

Superior thyroid artery

Back 39

arises fomr the anterior surface and descends to supply the thyroid gland

Front 40

Ascending Pharyngeal A

Back 40

comes from the splitting spot of Coritoid Artery. it ascend between the internal and external carotid artery helps supply the pharynx

Front 41

Lingual A

Back 41

it travels medially and superiorly to supply the tongue. it comes fomr anterior surface just opposite the greater horn of hyoid

Front 42

Occipital A

Back 42

It travels deep to posterior belly of digastic and SCM to get to posterior aspect of the scalp.

Front 43

Facial A

Back 43

arises from anterior surface just superior to greater horn of hyoid ascend s on the face near the medial border of masseter muscle

Front 44

Posterior Auricular A

Back 44

small arises opposite styloid process to supply the scalp

Front 45

Superficial temporal A

Back 45

Smaller of two terminal branches of externl carotid a also supplies the scalp

Front 46

Maxillary A

Back 46

larger of 2 terminal branches of external carotid a arises behind neck of mandible. supplies deep structures of the face.

Front 47

SubMandibular (Digastric) Triangle

Back 47

Has 4 muscles that make up the suprahyoid muscles that elevate the hyoid bone.
1. digastric
2 stylohyoid
3. Mylohyoid
4. Geniohyoid m

Front 48

Digastric (M)

Back 48

2 heads- anterior and posterior belly

A. Helps to open jaw and draw hyoid bone up
n: trigeminal(V3)

Front 49

Stylohyoid (M)

Back 49

N. Facila nerve (CN VII)

a; draws hyoid up

Front 50

Mylohyoid (m)

Back 50

N: nerve to mylohyoid branch of trigeminal (V3)

draws hyhoid up

Front 51

Geniod hyoid m

Back 51

draws hyoid up

Front 52

Roof of neck set

Back 52

place wher neck thorax and upper limb meet.

Front 53

Muscles of neck are

Back 53

Scalene muscles which are respitiory muscles.

Front 54

what passes between the anterior and middle scalene muscles

Back 54

the roots of the brachial plexus and the subclavian A

Front 55

what passes anterior to the anterior scalene

Back 55

the subclavian A

Front 56

Which nerve travels over the anterior scalene

Back 56

the phrenic nerve

Front 57

Scalenus Anterior M

Back 57

I: scalene tubercle of 1st rib

Front 58

Scalenus Medius

Back 58

I: 1st rib

Front 59

Sclenus posterior

Back 59

I: outer surface of 2nd rib

Front 60

Scalene syndrome

Back 60

compression at C6 thumb will go tingling first also pulse in wrist will be weak because the top space is smaller look at atlas