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80 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the two main triangles of the neck?
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- posterior triangle
- anterior triangle |
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What are the boundaries of the posterior triangle?
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anterior: posterior border of SCM muscle
posterior: anterior border of trapezius inferior: middle 1/3 of clavicle base: clavicle apex: where 2 muscles meet on the superior nuchal line of the occiptal bone |
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What makes up the roof of the posterior triangle?
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- deep fascia
- superficial fascia - platysma muscle - superficial veins - cutaneous nerves - skin |
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What makes up the floor of the posterior triangle?
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(listed superiorly to inferiorly)
- splenius capitis - levator scapulae - posterior scalene - middle scalene - anterior scalene - inferior belly of the omohyoid muscle |
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Name the contents of the posterior triangle
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- external jugular vein
- subclavian artery - transverse cervical artery - suprascapular artery - occipital artery - accessory nerve - lesser occipital nerve - ventral rami of brachial plexus |
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What is the dividing line for the subdivisions of the posterior triangle? What are these subdivisions?
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omohyoid muscle
- occipital triangle (lies above) - supraclavicular triangle (lies below) |
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What are the boundaries of the anterior triangle?
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medial: anterior median line of neck
lateral: anterior border of SCM muscle superior: inferior border of mandible apex: at jugular notch base: inferior border of mandible and line drawn from angle of mandible to mastoid process |
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The floor of the anterior triangle is made up of...
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- pharynx
- larynx - thyroid gland |
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Name the contents of the anterior triangle
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- muscles
- arteries - veins - nerves - lymph nodes - viscear (thyroid and parathyroid glands) |
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What are the suprahyoid muscles?
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- mylohyoid
- geniohyoid - stylohyoid - digastric |
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What are the infrahyoid muscles?
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- sternohyoid
- sternothyroid - thyrohyoid - omohyoid |
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Name the subdivisions of the anterior triangle
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- submandibular (digastric) triangle
- carotid triangle - muscular triangle - submental triangle |
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What are the borders of the submandibular triangle?
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between inferior border of mandible
and anterior and posterior bellies of digastric muscles |
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What makes up the floor of the submandibular triangle?
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(anterior to posterior - with chin up)
- mylohyoid muscle - hypoglossus muscle - middle constrictor of pharynx muscle |
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Name the contents of the submandibular triangle
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- submandibular gland and duct
- submandibular lymph nodes - hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) - nerve to mylohyoid muscle (inferior alveolar nerve) - facial artery and vein |
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What are the borders of the carotid triangle?
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anterior: superior belly of omohyoid muscle
posterior: anterior border of SCM muscle superior: posterior belly of digastric muscle |
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Name the contents of the carotid triangle
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- common carotid artery
- external carotid artery - carotid sinus - carotid body - carotid sheath - deep cervical lymph nodes - cervical part of sympathetic trunk |
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What are the borders of the carotid sheath?
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medial: common carotid arteries
lateral: internal jugular vein posterior: vagus nerve (CN X) between first 2: ansa cervicalis |
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What are the borders of the muscular triangle?
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posterior: superior belly of omohyoid muscle
anterior: median plane of neck inferior: anterior border of SCM muscle |
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Name the contents of the muscular triangle
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- infrahyoid muscle
- thyroid and parathyroid glands |
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What are the borders of the submental triangle?
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inferior: body of hyoid bone
lateral: right and left anterior bellies of digastric muscles |
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List what makes up the floor, apex, and base of the submental triangle
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floor - 2 mylohyoid muscles
apex - symphysis menti base - hyoid bone |
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Name the contents of the submental triangle
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- submental lymph nodes
- small veins which unite as anterior jugular vein |
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List the type of neck muscles
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- superficial (lateral aspect)
- posterior triangle - suprahyoid - infrahyoid - anterior prevertebral - suboccipital |
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Platysma (superficial)
O & I |
O: fascia over superior pectoralis major and deltoid muscles
I: 1) inferior border of mandible 2) skin 3) subcutaneous tissues of lower face |
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Platysma
Innervation |
cervical branch of facial nerve
|
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Platysma
Vasculature |
superficial vessels of the neck
|
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Platysma
Main Action |
draws corners of mouth down (egad muscle)
|
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Sternocleidomastoid
O & I |
O:
1) sternal: anterior manubrium 2) clavicular: superior medial 1/3 of clavicle I: 1) mastoid process 2) superior nuchal line |
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Sternocleidomastoid
Innervation |
spinal root of CN XI and C2-3
|
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Sternocleidomastoid
Vasculature |
occipital and superior thyroid
|
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Sternocleidomastoid
Main Action |
tilts head laterally
flexes neck rotates face upward to opposite side bilaterally flexes neck |
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Name the posterior triangle muscles
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- splenius capitis
- levator scapulae - anterior scalene - middle scalene - posterior scalene |
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List the origin, insertion, innervation, vasculature, and main action for the splenius capitis
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review if necessary
|
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List the origin, insertion, innervation, vasculature, and main action for the levator scapulae
|
review if necessary
|
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Anterior scalene
O & I |
O: anterior tubercles of transverse processes of C3-6
I: first rib |
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Anterior scalene
Innervation |
C4-7
|
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Anterior scalene
Vasculature |
inferior thyroid
|
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Anterior scalene
Main Action |
elevates rib 1
laterally flexes neck rotates neck ipsilaterally |
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Middle scalene
O & I |
O: posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C2-7
I: superior surface of rib 1 |
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Middle scalene
Innervation |
anterior rami of cervical spinal nerves
|
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Middle scalene
Vasculature |
ascending cervical
|
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Middle scalene
Main Action |
laterally flex neck
elevates rib 1 during forced inspiration |
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Posterior scalene
O & I |
O: posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C4-6
I: external border of rib 2 |
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Posterior scalene
Innervation |
anterior rami of C5-7
|
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Posterior scalene
Main Action |
laterally flex neck
elevates rib 2 during forced inspiration |
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Name the anterior prevertebral muscles
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- longus colli
- longus capitis - rectus capitis anterior - rectus capitis lateralis |
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Longus colli
O & I |
O:
1) bodies of C5-T3 2) transverse processes of C3-5 I: 1) anterior tubercles of C1 2) bodies of C1-3 3) transverse processes |
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Longus colli
Innervation |
anterior rami of C2-6
|
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Longus colli
Vasculature |
muscular branches of the aorta
|
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Longus colli
Main Action |
unilaterally flexes and rotates neck to opposite side
|
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Longus capitis
O & I |
O: anterior tubercles of transverse processes of C3-6
I: basilar part of occiput |
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Longus capitis
Innervation |
anterior rami of C1-3
|
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Longus capitis
Vasculature |
muscular branches of the aorta
|
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Longus capitis
Main Action |
flexes head
|
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Rectus capitis anterior
O & I |
O: anterior surface of lateral mass of C1
I: inferior surface basilar part of occiput |
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Rectus capitis anterior
Innervation |
branches from loop between C1-2
|
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Rectus capitis anterior
Vasculature |
muscular branches of aorta
|
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Rectus capitis anterior
Main Action |
flexes head at atlanto-occipital joint
|
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Rectus capitis lateralis
O & I |
O: transverse process of C1
I: jugular process of occiput |
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Rectus capitis lateralis
Innervation |
branches from loop C1-2
|
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Rectus capitis lateralis
Vasculature |
muscular branches of the aorta
|
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Rectus capitis lateralis
Main Action |
flexes head
helps stabilize head |
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List the suboccipital and deep neck muscles
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- Rectus capitis posterior major
- Rectus capitis posterior minor - Obliquus capitis inferior - Obliquus capitis superior |
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Rectus capitis posterior major
O & I |
O: spinous process of C2
I: lateral inferior nuchal line |
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Rectus capitis posterior major
Innervation |
suboccipital
|
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Rectus capitis posterior major
Vasculature |
muscular branches of vertebral artery
|
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Rectus capitis posterior major
Main Action |
ipsilateral rotation of head
extends head |
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Rectus capitis posterior minor
O & I |
O: posterior tubercle on posterior arch of C1
I: medial 1/3 of inferior nuchal line |
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Rectus capitis posterior minor
Innervation |
suboccipital
|
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Rectus capitis posterior minor
Vasculature |
muscular branches of vertebral artery
|
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Rectus capitis posterior minor
Main Action |
ipsilateral rotation of head
extends head |
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Obliquus capitis inferior
O & I |
O: spinous process of C2
I: transverse process of C1 |
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Obliquus capitis inferior
Innervation |
suboccipital
|
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Obliquus capitis inferior
Vasculature |
muscular branches of vertebral artery
|
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Obliquus capitis inferior
Main Action |
laterally flexes head
ipsilaterally rotates head |
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Obliquus capitis superior
O & I |
O: transverse process of C1
I: occiput between superior and inferior nuchal lines |
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Obliquus capitis superior
Innervation |
suboccipital
|
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Obliquus capitis superior
Vasculature |
muscular branches of vertebral artery
|
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Obliquus capitis superior
Main Action |
extends head
laterally flexes head |