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80 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What are the two main triangles of the neck?
- posterior triangle

- anterior triangle
What are the boundaries of the posterior triangle?
anterior: posterior border of SCM muscle

posterior: anterior border of trapezius

inferior: middle 1/3 of clavicle

base: clavicle

apex: where 2 muscles meet on the superior nuchal line of the occiptal bone
What makes up the roof of the posterior triangle?
- deep fascia

- superficial fascia

- platysma muscle

- superficial veins

- cutaneous nerves

- skin
What makes up the floor of the posterior triangle?
(listed superiorly to inferiorly)

- splenius capitis

- levator scapulae

- posterior scalene

- middle scalene

- anterior scalene

- inferior belly of the omohyoid muscle
Name the contents of the posterior triangle
- external jugular vein

- subclavian artery

- transverse cervical artery

- suprascapular artery

- occipital artery

- accessory nerve

- lesser occipital nerve

- ventral rami of brachial plexus
What is the dividing line for the subdivisions of the posterior triangle? What are these subdivisions?
omohyoid muscle

- occipital triangle (lies above)

- supraclavicular triangle (lies below)
What are the boundaries of the anterior triangle?
medial: anterior median line of neck

lateral: anterior border of SCM muscle

superior: inferior border of mandible

apex: at jugular notch

base: inferior border of mandible and line drawn from angle of mandible to mastoid process
The floor of the anterior triangle is made up of...
- pharynx

- larynx

- thyroid gland
Name the contents of the anterior triangle
- muscles

- arteries

- veins

- nerves

- lymph nodes

- viscear (thyroid and parathyroid glands)
What are the suprahyoid muscles?
- mylohyoid

- geniohyoid

- stylohyoid

- digastric
What are the infrahyoid muscles?
- sternohyoid

- sternothyroid

- thyrohyoid

- omohyoid
Name the subdivisions of the anterior triangle
- submandibular (digastric) triangle

- carotid triangle

- muscular triangle

- submental triangle
What are the borders of the submandibular triangle?
between inferior border of mandible

and

anterior and posterior bellies of digastric muscles
What makes up the floor of the submandibular triangle?
(anterior to posterior - with chin up)

- mylohyoid muscle

- hypoglossus muscle

- middle constrictor of pharynx muscle
Name the contents of the submandibular triangle
- submandibular gland and duct

- submandibular lymph nodes

- hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

- nerve to mylohyoid muscle (inferior alveolar nerve)

- facial artery and vein
What are the borders of the carotid triangle?
anterior: superior belly of omohyoid muscle

posterior: anterior border of SCM muscle

superior: posterior belly of digastric muscle
Name the contents of the carotid triangle
- common carotid artery

- external carotid artery

- carotid sinus

- carotid body

- carotid sheath

- deep cervical lymph nodes

- cervical part of sympathetic trunk
What are the borders of the carotid sheath?
medial: common carotid arteries

lateral: internal jugular vein

posterior: vagus nerve (CN X)

between first 2: ansa cervicalis
What are the borders of the muscular triangle?
posterior: superior belly of omohyoid muscle

anterior: median plane of neck

inferior: anterior border of SCM muscle
Name the contents of the muscular triangle
- infrahyoid muscle

- thyroid and parathyroid glands
What are the borders of the submental triangle?
inferior: body of hyoid bone

lateral: right and left anterior bellies of digastric muscles
List what makes up the floor, apex, and base of the submental triangle
floor - 2 mylohyoid muscles

apex - symphysis menti

base - hyoid bone
Name the contents of the submental triangle
- submental lymph nodes

- small veins which unite as anterior jugular vein
List the type of neck muscles
- superficial (lateral aspect)

- posterior triangle

- suprahyoid

- infrahyoid

- anterior prevertebral

- suboccipital
Platysma (superficial)
O & I
O: fascia over superior pectoralis major and deltoid muscles

I:
1) inferior border of mandible
2) skin
3) subcutaneous tissues of lower face
Platysma
Innervation
cervical branch of facial nerve
Platysma
Vasculature
superficial vessels of the neck
Platysma
Main Action
draws corners of mouth down (egad muscle)
Sternocleidomastoid
O & I
O:
1) sternal: anterior manubrium
2) clavicular: superior medial 1/3 of clavicle

I:
1) mastoid process
2) superior nuchal line
Sternocleidomastoid
Innervation
spinal root of CN XI and C2-3
Sternocleidomastoid
Vasculature
occipital and superior thyroid
Sternocleidomastoid
Main Action
tilts head laterally

flexes neck

rotates face upward to opposite side

bilaterally flexes neck
Name the posterior triangle muscles
- splenius capitis

- levator scapulae

- anterior scalene

- middle scalene

- posterior scalene
List the origin, insertion, innervation, vasculature, and main action for the splenius capitis
review if necessary
List the origin, insertion, innervation, vasculature, and main action for the levator scapulae
review if necessary
Anterior scalene
O & I
O: anterior tubercles of transverse processes of C3-6

I: first rib
Anterior scalene
Innervation
C4-7
Anterior scalene
Vasculature
inferior thyroid
Anterior scalene
Main Action
elevates rib 1

laterally flexes neck

rotates neck ipsilaterally
Middle scalene
O & I
O: posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C2-7

I: superior surface of rib 1
Middle scalene
Innervation
anterior rami of cervical spinal nerves
Middle scalene
Vasculature
ascending cervical
Middle scalene
Main Action
laterally flex neck

elevates rib 1 during forced inspiration
Posterior scalene
O & I
O: posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C4-6

I: external border of rib 2
Posterior scalene
Innervation
anterior rami of C5-7
Posterior scalene
Main Action
laterally flex neck

elevates rib 2 during forced inspiration
Name the anterior prevertebral muscles
- longus colli

- longus capitis

- rectus capitis anterior

- rectus capitis lateralis
Longus colli
O & I
O:
1) bodies of C5-T3
2) transverse processes of C3-5

I:
1) anterior tubercles of C1
2) bodies of C1-3
3) transverse processes
Longus colli
Innervation
anterior rami of C2-6
Longus colli
Vasculature
muscular branches of the aorta
Longus colli
Main Action
unilaterally flexes and rotates neck to opposite side
Longus capitis
O & I
O: anterior tubercles of transverse processes of C3-6

I: basilar part of occiput
Longus capitis
Innervation
anterior rami of C1-3
Longus capitis
Vasculature
muscular branches of the aorta
Longus capitis
Main Action
flexes head
Rectus capitis anterior
O & I
O: anterior surface of lateral mass of C1

I: inferior surface basilar part of occiput
Rectus capitis anterior
Innervation
branches from loop between C1-2
Rectus capitis anterior
Vasculature
muscular branches of aorta
Rectus capitis anterior
Main Action
flexes head at atlanto-occipital joint
Rectus capitis lateralis
O & I
O: transverse process of C1

I: jugular process of occiput
Rectus capitis lateralis
Innervation
branches from loop C1-2
Rectus capitis lateralis
Vasculature
muscular branches of the aorta
Rectus capitis lateralis
Main Action
flexes head

helps stabilize head
List the suboccipital and deep neck muscles
- Rectus capitis posterior major

- Rectus capitis posterior minor

- Obliquus capitis inferior

- Obliquus capitis superior
Rectus capitis posterior major
O & I
O: spinous process of C2

I: lateral inferior nuchal line
Rectus capitis posterior major
Innervation
suboccipital
Rectus capitis posterior major
Vasculature
muscular branches of vertebral artery
Rectus capitis posterior major
Main Action
ipsilateral rotation of head

extends head
Rectus capitis posterior minor
O & I
O: posterior tubercle on posterior arch of C1

I: medial 1/3 of inferior nuchal line
Rectus capitis posterior minor
Innervation
suboccipital
Rectus capitis posterior minor
Vasculature
muscular branches of vertebral artery
Rectus capitis posterior minor
Main Action
ipsilateral rotation of head

extends head
Obliquus capitis inferior
O & I
O: spinous process of C2

I: transverse process of C1
Obliquus capitis inferior
Innervation
suboccipital
Obliquus capitis inferior
Vasculature
muscular branches of vertebral artery
Obliquus capitis inferior
Main Action
laterally flexes head

ipsilaterally rotates head
Obliquus capitis superior
O & I
O: transverse process of C1

I: occiput between superior and inferior nuchal lines
Obliquus capitis superior
Innervation
suboccipital
Obliquus capitis superior
Vasculature
muscular branches of vertebral artery
Obliquus capitis superior
Main Action
extends head

laterally flexes head