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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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SEPIA
Pneumonic for first on the scene |
Structual damage
Exposure risk Perpetrators Items Abilities |
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Bacterial Agents
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-anthrax
-brucellosis -cholera -meliodosis -plague -q fever -tularemia |
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Viral agents
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-congo-crimean HF
-rift valleyy fever -small pox -viral hemorhagic fever VEE |
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Toxins
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-botulinum
-C. perfringens toxins -saxitoxin |
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agents of most concern
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-smallpox
-anthrax -plague -tularemia -botulism -viral hemorrheagic fevers |
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Anthrax
s/s |
-flu lik myalgias (day 1)
-non-productive cough(day 1) -normal CXR with dyspnea(day 1) -decreased O2 with exertion(2) - LS CTA(2) -CXR- subtly widend mediastinum in the absense of trauma(2)-death within 2 days if untrated |
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Small Pox
s/s |
-2-4 days prior to rash non specific fever, mailaise, rigors, vomitting, ha
-pustular rash with lesiona all at same stage |
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Pneumonic Plague
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- fever, rigors, chills, cough w/ hemoptysis and CP
-CXR may show bronchopneumonia -bloody sputum, pneumonia, pt going downhill fast. -rx with doxy, cipro |
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Tularemia
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- Inc 1-14 days
-abrupt onset of acute, non specific febrile illness -3-5 days after exposure w/ plero-pneumotitis -rx same as plague -no rapis dx test |
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VHF
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-include ebola, filo.marberg,asa, hanta,yellow fever, dengue
-fever and maculopapula rash 5 days into illness, frank hemorrhagic petichiae, eccymosis increases as ds prograsses -15-90% mortality -hallmark- severe febrile illness with vascular involvement |
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Botulism
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-dif dx- GBS, CVA, Neuro d/o
-symetrical cranial neuropathies with descending weakness proximal to distal pattern, afebrile, dry mucous membranes,tachypneiac -lose gag reflex and DTR's -rx trivalent botulinum antitoxin |
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Blister Agents
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-ex: nitrogen mustard, sulfur mustard & lewisite
-cause severe skin burns and blisters; may damage eyes, airways, lungs, and other internal organs, but effects may be delayed up to 12 hours -health care providers will be contaminated by the victims by direct contact or through "off gassing" -most victims will recover |
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Lung damaging agents
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-chlorine
-phosgene -diphosgene -mustard -lewsite -treat symptomatically |
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Blood agents
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- hydrogen cyanide
-cyanogen chlorideq |
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Nerve agents
clincal signs |
-muscarini/Cholinergic
---pinpoint pupils ---blurred vision ---hypersecretion -Nictonic ---Skelatal Muscle twitchine ---fasciculations ---flaccid paralysis -Central Nervous System ---irritability ---nervousness ---fatigue ---slurred speech ---convulsions |
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Nerve agents
Srin |
-used by irag against Iran
-used in toxyo subway station -odorless and most volatile -doesnt hang around in the body very long -evaporates at about the same rate as water |
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Neve agents
Soman |
-Binds irreversibly to acetylcholen.
-lethal and persistant 1-2 days under average weather conditions -evaporated 4x more slowly than water - pre tx- pyrdostigmine |
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Radiation exposure
clinical signs |
-may not appear for several years
-ranges from sunburns to cancer and death -acute radiation sickness |
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Acute radiation sickness
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-n/v/d for up to 2 days
-fatigue -later symptoms- bone marrow depletion, weight losss, anorexia -flu like, infection -bleeding -hair loss -premature aging -survival rate depends on dose(weeks to years) |
