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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Describe the subacute/acute pathology for Fasciola hepatica
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-Migration of young flukes through liver
-sever liver damage, hemorrhage, inflammation -Possibly "black dz" due to subsequent hepatic clostridial infections -Sudden death (esp in sheep) |
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Describe the chronic pathology for Fasciola hepatica
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-Adults in bile ducts
-Loss of condition, weakness, anemia, hypoproteinemis -Liver fibrosis, cholangiohepatitis -Stenosis and calcification of bile duct -Liver condemnation |
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Fasciola hepatica
Side 2: How do we diagnose it Side 3: How do we treat and control it |
fecal sed, liver enzyme analysisNecropsy, herd history
CS: loss of condition, weakness, pale mucous membranes, edema, 'bottle jaw' (distinguish from Haemonchus via sedimentation, float, McMasters) |
Tx: Clorsulon, Albendazole (both have withdrawal times (8/27d) and are not licensed for breeding dairy cattle)
Cx: Snail control (molluscicides, adequate drainage of pastures), grazing control (restrict access to wet areas), Strategic drug control (Ivermectin + clorsulon (Ivomec Plus) (Ivermectin alone is for nematodes and does not clear trematodes) |
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Describe the pathology for Fascioloides magna
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Wild cervids - minor liver damage, unless very heavy infection
Sheep/Goats - severe liver damage, hemorrhage, inflammation, possible 'black dz' (hepatic clostridial infections), sudden death Cattle - minor damage (unless heavy infection), liver condemnation |
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Fascioloides magna
Side 2: How do we diagnose it Side 3: How do we treat and control it |
Wild cervids - fecal sedimentation, necropsy
Domestic ruminants - (non patent), necropsy, swampy pastures shared with wild cervids |
Tx: Wild Cervids - Clorsulon, Albendazole
Domestic Ruminants - no good treatment Cx: Snail control (molluscicides, adequate drainage of pastures), Grazing control (restrict access to wet areas, restrict wild cervid access to pastures) |
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Describe the pathology for Paramphistomum cervi
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Immature flukes feeding and migrations through duodenum - hemorrhagic duodenitis, catarrahal and hemorrhagic inflammation, anemia, hypoproteinemia, edema, emaciation
Mature flukes in rumen - negligible pathology |
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Paramphistomum cervi
Side 2: How do we diagnose it Side 3: How do we treat it |
During pathology - profuse, fetid, fluid diarrhea, young flukes in feces, marked weakness, necropsy, swampy or wet pastures
(no ova, immature flukes cause pathology) After pathology (adult flukes) - fecal sedimentation for ova, swampy/wet pastures |
Tx: No good treatment in US (Clorsulon is ineffective)
Europe - Hexachlorophene, Oxyclozanide Cx: Grazing Control - Restrict access to wet areas |
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What is the pathology for Paragonimus kellicotti
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Bronchiolar inflammation and eosinophilic granulomas in the lung parenchyma
(acute pneumothorax and sudden death) |
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Paragonimus kellicotti
Side 2: How do we diagnose it Side 3: How do we treat and control it |
Fecal sedimentation, sputum smear, Thoracic rads (3-4 wks post infection), history of possible access to crayfish
CS: lethargy, chronic intermittent cough, "rusty" sputum or mucus |
Tx: Albendazole or Fenbendazole daily for 1-3 weeks
Praziquantel 3 x daily for 3 days Cx: Snail Control (molluscicides: check government restrictions), Environmental Control (restrict access to crayfish - streams, creeks, rivers) |
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What is the pathology for Nanophyetus salmincola
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Flukes alone - minor/no pathology
Flukes carying rickettsia, Neorickettsia helminthoeca - "salmon poisoning", severe path (50-90% mortality), only affects canids, 5-7d incubation, sudden onset of fever and loss of appetite, hemorrhagic enteritis with ocular discharge, profuse diarrhea, marked vomiting, swelling of lnn (recovery = immunity for life) |
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Nanophyetus salmincola
Side 2: How do we diagnose it Side 3: How do we treat and control it |
Fluke infection - ova in feces
Salmon poisoning - Demonstration of rickettsia in fluid aspirated from mandibular ln CS: diarrhea, vimiting, ocular discharge, ect History of possible access to raw salmon or trout |
Tx: Fluke infection - injectable praziquantel
Salmon poisoing - broad spectrum antibiotics Cx: Prevent access to raw fish (streams, creeks, rivers) |
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What is the pathology of Lecithodendrid Flukes Potomac Horse fever
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Horse: Potomac Horse Fever
-Neorickettsia risticii - in tissue of fluke -Colitis - diarrhea, fever depression Accidental ingestion of caddisflies and/or mayflies infected with fluke metacercariae that is infected with N. risticii |
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What is the pathology for Platynosomum fastosum
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Does not normally cause pathology
May cause mild, temporary inappetance with hepatic dysfunction The rare severe cases cause progressive icterus and possibly death ('lizard poisoning) |
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Platynosomum fastosum
Side 2: How do we diagnose it Side 3: How do we treat and control it |
Fecal sedimentation, history of access to lizards or toads
CS: diarrhea, vomiting (possibly continuous in severe terminal stages) |
Tx: Albendazole or Praziquantel, surgical removal
Cx: Environmental - restrict acess to lizards or toads (esp when in endemic areas like Florida) |
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What is the pathogenesis of Eurytrema procyonis
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Pancreatic duct fibrosis, pancreatic atrophy
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Eurytrema procyonis
Side 2: How do we diagnose it Side 3: How do we treat and control it |
Ova in sedimentation
CS: Vomiting and chronic weight loss |
Tx: 6 day course of Fenbendazole
Cx: rstrict outdoor access |
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What is the pathology of Dicrocoelium dendriticum
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Non pathogenic in younger animals (so small, takes a while to build upa problem), bile duct hyperplasia, hepatic cirrhosis, slow chronic progressive dz causing decreased productivity in older animals (ewes)
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Dicrocoelium dendriticum
Side 2: How do we diagnose it Side 3: How do we treat and control it |
Ova in sedimentation
CS: Edema and emaciation in older stock |
Tx: Albendazole in high doses
Cx: Eradicate ant hills |
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What is the pathogenesis of Alaria sp
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Adults - minor pathology
Migrating Mesocercariae - lung pathology |
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Alaria sp
Side 2: How do we diagnose it Side 3: How do we treat and control it |
Ova in sedimentation
CS: Respiratory difficulties |
Tx: Albendazole or Praziquantel
Cx: Restrict outdoor access |
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What is the pathology of Heterobilharzia americana
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Adults - Minor to no pathology
Ova - lodge in mesenteric venules and transported to other organs, granulomatous reaction, destruction and fibrosis of intestinal mucosa, intestinal dysfunction that leads to wasting and death |
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Heterobilharzia americana
Side 2: How do we diagnose it Side 3: How do we treat and control it |
Fecal sedimentation (SALINE) or smear (Water = hatching), laparotomy, Hx of access to water
CS: Lethargy, anorexia, intermittent vomiting, bloody liquid diarrhea, dehydration |
Tx: Fenbendazole - repeat treatments
Praziquantel - 5 times the dose for treatment of tapeworms Cx: Prevent access to bodies of water (streams, creeks, rivers) |
