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88 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Auxin
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Plant Hormone
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Chlorophyl
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green pigment
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Cuticle
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waxy coverings of a leaf
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Petiole
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"stalk" of a leaf
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Internode
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between the nodes of a twig
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Lenticel
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small openings in stems for gas exchange
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Ray
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Cells that cross the phloem and xylem for radial transport
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Absorbing Roots
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mostly located in the upper 12 inches of soil
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Source
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Mature, green leaves, sugar producer
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Sink
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Uses more energy than it produces
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When cutting through a tree you would pass through
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Bark
Phloem Cambium Xylem |
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If the thermal bud is removed during pruning
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growth may be stimulated in lateral buds
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The growth rings of a tree
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are visible because of rapid growth of earlywood relative to latewood, can be counted to find a tree's age, can give information to growing conditions
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Which layer of cells is responsible for outward growth and increased girth of a tree
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Cambium
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Mycorrihizae are
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a symbiotic relationship between fungi and roots
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Abscission Zon
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area at the base of the petiole where cellular breakdown leads to leaf drop
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absorbing roots
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fine, fiborous roots that take up water and minerals, most of them are located within the top12 inches of soil
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adventitios buds
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bud that arises from a place other than a leaf axel
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anthocyanins
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red, purple or blue pigments responsible for thos colors in some parts of trees and other plants
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antitranspirant
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substance sprayed on plants to reduce water loss thru the foilage
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apical bud
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terminal bud on a stem
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apical dominance
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condition in which the terminal bud stops the growth of a lateral bud on the same stem
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apical meristem
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the growing points at the tips of the shoots
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auxin
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plant hormone or substance that promotes the growth and development of plants it is produced primarily at the root tips
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axial transport
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movement of water, minerals or photosynthate longitudinally in a tree
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axillary bud
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bud in the axil of a leaf; lateral bud
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branch bark ridge
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top area of a tree's crotch where the growth and development of the two adjoining limbs push bark into a ridge
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branch collar
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area where a branch joins another branch or trunk created by the overlapping xylem tissues
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buds
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small lateral or terminal protuberance on the stem that may develop into a flower or shoot; undeveloped flower/shoot
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cambium
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layers of meristemic cells that give rise to the phloem and xylem and allow for the diameter increase in a tree
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carotenoids
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a yellow, orange or red pigment respondible for those colors in some parts of trees and plants
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chlorophyll
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green pigment of plants found in chlorplasts that capture the energy of the sun
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chloroplast
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site of photosynthesis
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CODIT
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Compartmentalization of Decay in Trees
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companion cell
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parenchyma cells associated with sieve tube members. Part of the phloem in hardwoods
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compartmentalization
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natural process of defense in trees by which they wall off decay in the wood
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cork cambium
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tissue from which cork and bark develop to the outside
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cuticle
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waxy layer outside the epidermis of a leaf
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cytokinin
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plant hormone involved in cell division
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deciduous
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tree or other plant that loses its leaves sometime during the year and stays leafless during the cold season
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decurrent
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Type of tree that has rounded or spreading growth habit of the crown of a tree. resulting from new lateral shoots outgrowing the center shoot year after year
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differentiation
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process in the development of cells in which they become specialized for various functions
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diffuse porous
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pattern of wood development in which the vessels are distributed evenly throughout the annual ring
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dormant
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state of reduced physiological activity in the organs of a plant
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epicormic
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made when dormant buds elongate and produce shoots
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evergreen
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tree or plant that keeps its needles year round
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excurrent
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type of tree with a strong central leader and grow upright. All trees start as excurent and most become decurrent as they grow. Sweetgum. Tuliptree. Conifers
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fiber
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elongated thick walled cell that provides strength
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geotropism
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the downward direction of root/limb growth due to gravity
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growth rings
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rings resulting from seasonal production of xylum by the cambium. Rings are formed by the changing of density throughout the growing season.
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guard cells
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regulate the opening and closing of the stomate in response to the environmental stimuli like light temperature and humidity.
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gymnosperm
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plants with exposed seeds. Pines and Spruces
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heartwood
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inner tissues that provide structural resistance to the trunk. darker than sapwood
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included bark
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bark that becomes imbedded in a crotch between the branch and the trunk that weakens the crotch because the norma attachment is not formed
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internode
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the area between nodes.
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lateral roots
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horizontal roots near the soil surface
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lenticel
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small openings in the bark that allows gas exchange.
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meristem
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tissue in which active cell division takes place
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mycorrhizae
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the relationship between roots and fungi. A symbiosis between roots and fungi results in both organisms (the tree and the fungus) benefitting from the living arrangements
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node
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enlarged portion of the stem where leaves and buds arise
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osmosis
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the way water enters the root. the movement of water through a mebrane from a region of high water concentration to a region of low water concentration
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parenchyma cells
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thin walled living cells essential in photosynthesis ans storage.
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Major plant hormone groups
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Auxins
Gibberellins cytokinins Ethylene abscissic acid |
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petiole
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the stalk or support axis of the leaf.
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phloem
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located to the inside of the bark. Responsible for the movement of sugars produced by the leaves to other parts of the tree
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photosynthate
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the products of photosynthesis
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photosynthesis
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the process in green plants by which light energy is used to form organic compounds from water and carbon dioxide
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radial transport
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the horizontal movement of water or nutrients within the tree
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what is the ray
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rays are tisses that extend radially across the xylem and phloem of a tree
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what is a reaction zone
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a naural boundary formed by a tree to seperate wood infected by disease organisms from healthy wood; important in the processof compartmentalization
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what is the process by which carbohydrates are converted into energy by using oxygen?
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respiration
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what is the pattern of wood development in which the large-diameter vessels are concentrated in the earlywood called?
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ring porous
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what is the outerwood that actively transports water and minerals called?
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sapwood
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what is the seperation in the growth rings in the wood called?
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shakes
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what are sieve cells?
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long, slender phloem cells in the gymnosperms
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What are specialized phloem cells involved in photosynthate transport called?
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sieve tube elements
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a plant part that uses more energy thatn it produces
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sink
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most are in the top 12 inches of soil and downward growing roots that take up water and minerals
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sinker roots
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plant part that produces carbohydrates; mature leaves and sources
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source
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small pores between two guard cells on leaves and other green plant parts through which gases are exchanged
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stomata
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amutually beneficial association of two different type of living organisms
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symbiosis
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what is a tap root
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a centeral, vertical root that grows right belowthe trunkand is offten choked off by the development of other roots
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what is a terminal bud
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the bud on the end of a twig or shoot
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tracheid
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elongated, tapering xylem cell, adapted for support
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what is water vapor loss through the stomata of leaves
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transpiration
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growth movement of variation of a plant asa responce to an external stimulus such as light or gravity
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tropism
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stacked, tubelike, water conducting cell in the xylem
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vessels
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main water and mineral conducting tissue in trees and other plants;provides structural support and becomes wood after lignifying
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xylem
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