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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is insight therapy? |
Also known as talk therapy, insight therapy is the progress where a therapist tries to increase the client's self-insight of conflicts Examples: family therapy; couples therapy; psychoanalysis; client centered therapy; group therapy; etc |
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What is behavioural therapy? |
Behavioural therapy uses the themes of learning to train away maladaptive behaviours Goal: rid of overt behaviours Examples: systematic desensitization; aversion therapy; social skills training; cognitive-behavioural therapy; etc |
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What is biomedical therapy? |
Also known as drug therapy, biomedical therapy is the process of changing the chemical basis of the brain in order to reduce the symptoms associated with psychological disorders Examples: psychopharmatherapy; electroconvulsive therapy; transcranial magnetic stimulation; deep bnrain stimulation; etc |
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What does egosyntonic mean? |
A disorder that does not cause the person personal distress. Originally used in psychoanalysis to explain actions and thoughts that are in harmony with the ego |
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What does egodystonic mean? |
A disorder that does cause the person personal distress. They know something is wrong.
Originally used in psychoanalysis to explain and thoughts that were against the desires of the ego |
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Who seeks therapy? What is the average delay before treatment? |
20% of Canadians will experience mental illness in their lifetime, commonly depression and anxiety it can take between 6-10 years for someone to seek treatment. 50% of people in therapy do not have a diagnosable disorder People seek treatment for symptoms of an egodystonic disorders, and are often treated for something else completely |
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Who provides therapy? |
Psychologists, psychiatrists, clinical social workers, and psychiatric nurses |
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What is a psychologist? How is it different from a psychiatrist?
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A psychologist is a medical doctor who is able to diagnose and prescribe medication. Includes clinical psychologists, who provide treatment for full fledged disorders, counselling psychologists, who treat other people, and experimental psychologists, who research disorders. A psychiatrist is not able to prescribe medication, but is able to diagnose and provide therapy for disorders. |
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What is a clinical social worker? |
A proactive therapist, in a sense. While providing therapy, they also help the client rejoin with society by helping them find housing and work. |
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What is a psychiatric nurse? |
Very important in treatment, as they create a plan of care for the hospitalized client, and constantly re-evaluate the plan's effectiveness. |
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What is psychoanalysis? |
The recovery of unconscious thoughts to help the client heal conflicts, motives, and defenses that stem from a past event |
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What is client centered therapy (motivation interviewing)? Who founded it?
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Client centered therapy, founded by Carl Rogers, is a supportive take on psychotherapy, which allows the patient to work at their own pace Looking for a break? Watch this video: https://youtu.be/ZBkUqcqRChg |
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What is group therapy? |
Group therapy is where the patients lead the discussion and support each other. Leads with the idea that no one is alone, there are other people experiencing the same internal conflicts. |
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What is couple therapy and family therapy? |
Couples therapy: works to heal and resolve relationship issues
Family therapy: works to heal and resolve the family dynamic and communication |
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What is spontaneous remission? |
When a person is able to recover from a mental illness without formal therapy
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What is systematic desensitization? |
A type of behavioural therapy that uses counter conditioning to reduce the anxiety reactions of a phobia |
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What are the steps of systematic desensitization? |
There are three steps: Step 1: Distinguishing an anxiety hierarchy. What situation with this phobia causes the client the most to least anxiety Step 2: Muscle relaxation: being able to deeply relax their (the client's) muscles on command of the therapist Step 3: Working through the hierarchy while using muscle relaxation to resolve the anxious response Example: Spiders. Step 1: how anxious are they looking at a photo? how about when it's in the room? touching them? step 2: teach them to relax on command, removing the anxious tension that occurs step 3: show them a photo of a spider, tell them to relax. bring a spider into the room, they are forced to relax. finally, the spider can touch them, and they are able to relax. |
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What is aversion therapy? |
Using conditioning to have the client have bad relations to a stimulus. Example: alcoholism. Therapist puts something into their favourite drink that makes them nauseous, they relate nausea to the drink, and stop drinking |
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What is morbidity? |
Two or more disorders that are commonly found together Example: anxiety and depression; schizophrenia and depression |
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What is free association |
Allowing the client to talk, uncensored, about their thoughts |
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What is dream analysis |
The client expresses their dream to their therapist, who in turn explains the symbolic nature of the dream |
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What is resistance ? |
The unconscious barrier that the brain uses to protect itself from exposing it's deepest thoughts. It is the barrier of therapy |
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What is transference? |
The act of the client relating their therapist to people in their life, and expressing emotion on the therapist. Example: Conflict with mother. Client is mad at therapist, and is able to express themselves to the therapist, as if they were their mother |
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What is interpretation? |
The act of the therapist trying to explain the significance of information |
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What the desired therapeutic climate of client centered therapy? (motivation interviewing) |
The desired climate is made by the therapist, and it is genuine, has an unconditional positive regard for the client, and is empathetic to the client's conflicts |
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What are the four types of antidepressants
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1. Tricyclics- blocks all neural reuptake of chemicals (Elavil) 2. MAO inhibitors (MAOIs)- blocks the destruction of left over chemicals before they can be absorbed 3. SSRIs- selective seretonin reuptake inhibitors- blocks only the reuptake of seretonin (Zoloft) 4. SNRIs- serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors- blocks only the reuptake of serotonin and noradrenaline (Pristiq) |
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What are antianxiety medications? |
Also known as tranquilizers, as they slow down neural communication, antianxiety medications are a temporary relief of anxiety. They do that by relieving tension, apprehension, and nervousness. (Valium and Xanax) |
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What are antipsychotic medications used for? |
Used to suppress the postive symptoms of schizophrenia |
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What is tardative dyskinesia? What causes it? |
Antipsychotic drugs very rarely cause this permanent physical response. It is the unvoluntary, tick like movement of the tongue, lips, face, hands, and feet. |
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What are mood stabilizers? |
Drugs for bipolar disorder used to control the mood swings between mania and depression |
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What is electoconvulsive therapy? Who benefits?
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The use of shocks to cause a seizure, as all of the neurons send off a signal at once. The shock is either placed bilaterally or on the non-dominant side of the client's head
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What are the four theories that try to explain why electroconvulsive therapy works?
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1. Neurotransmitter theory- changes the chemistry of the brain to allow the receptors to receive more chemicals. It is an instant version of antidepressant medication 2. Anti-convulsant theory- body spends more time resisting seizures, therefore regulating the brain activity 3. Neuroendocrine theory- resets the hypothalamus, allowing it to release chemicals throughout the body 4. Brain damage theory- causes memory loss, therefore creates the temporary illusion that problems are gone |
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What is deep brain stimulation? Who benefits? |
Deep Brain Stimulation is the insertion of a device in the brain, much like a pace maker for the heart, that sends out electrical currents, or signals, to the brain. It is beneficial for the sufferers of Parkinson's disease to decrease motor disturbances. |
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What is transcranial magnetic stimulation? |
It's the process of using a magnet that is external to the body to stimulate or depress brain specific brain activity
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What are the therapies based on Positive Psychology? (2) |
Group Therapy and Client Centered Therapy (motivational interviewing) were the two therapies founded by Carl Rogers, who pioneered the idea of Positive Psychology. |
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What are the three assumptions made about psychological disorders made by psychoanalysis? |
1. psychological problems are rooted in the unconscious mind
2. Manifest symptoms are caused by hidden mental conflicts 3. Typical causes include unresolved issues during development or repressed trauma. |
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What is Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT)? |
Designed for people with with reoccurring depression, MBCT uses elements of meditation, yoga, and cognitive therapy to break the pattern of negative thoughts in depression, reducing chances of relapse. |
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What are the main assumptions of behaviour therapy?
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What is learned can be unlearned, and behaviour is the result of learning |
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What is Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)? |
CBT is based on the idea that our actions, thoughts, and feelings all interact. CBT is used to change the thoughts of client's from negative to positive through talking |
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What is Lobotomy? When was it used? What was the purpose? |
Between 1936-1967, lobotomies were used. It was a surgery to separate the frontal lobe from the rest of the brain. It was thought that without the frontal lobe, the patient would not have the symptoms of a mental disorder.
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What is social skills training? What is the process?
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The process of improving the client's social skills to reduce anxiety and feelings of inferiority Process: Modelling, watching others interacting socially; Behaviour Rehearsal, practicing social interactions; Shaping, using these skills in prefab situations, slowly increasing the difficulty. |
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What is psychopharmatherapy? |
Using drugs to reduce the symptoms of psychological disorders.
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What is Cognitive-Bias Modification(CBM)?
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Trains a person to think positively, not negatively. Used for depression, anxiety, and substance abuse, not a formal treatment.
Example: push away the beer, pull a coke towards you |
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How do we treat mental illnesses modernly? |
The community mental health movement emphasized: local community care; reduced hospitalization; and prevention. |
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What is deinstitutionalization? |
The movement from locked hospital units to community-based facilities with out patient care. This happened as a result of drug therapies, and community mental health centres |
