Treatment Of Opthalmic And Otic Conditions

Front 1

Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness world wide. True/False

Back 1

True

Front 2

The percentage of the population that will develop glaucoma decreases or increases with advancing age?

Back 2

Increases

Front 3

Where is glaucoma prevalent?

Back 3

In people with diabetes

Front 4

What are the types of glaucoma? x4

Back 4

1. Open-angle
2. Angle-closure
3. Low-tension
4. Secondary

Front 5

What is the most common form of glaucoma?

Back 5

Open-angle

Front 6

What can glaucoma cause?

Back 6

Degeneration of the optic nerve

Front 7

How is increased IOP (intraocular pressure) caused?
What is it a symptom of?

Back 7

- A buildup of aqueous humor
- Glaucoma

Front 8

How does the aqueous humor accumulate?

Back 8

When the angle formed by the iris and the cornea is reduced and drainage of fluid is blocked

Front 9

What are the two main classifications of drugs used to treat glaucoma?

Back 9

Drugs that decrease formation of the aqueous humor and drugs that promoe drainage of aqueous humor

Front 10

What classes of drugs decrease formation of the aqueous humor? x3

Back 10

1. Beta blockers
2. Alpha-adrenergic agonists
3. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

Front 11

What classes of drugs promote the drainage of aqueous humor? x3

Back 11

1. Cholinergics
2. Cholinesterase inhibitors
3. Prostiglandin analouges

Front 12

What do miotics do?

Back 12

Cause contraction of the pupil

Front 13

Perception of balance and movement is a function of what? x3

Back 13

1. Eyes
2. Inner ear
3. Sense receptors on the skin and skeleton

Front 14

What do the semicircular canals in the inner ear control?

Back 14

The sense of equilibrium

Front 15

Otosclerosis and autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis can cause what?

Back 15

Hearing loss

Front 16

SSHL is treated with what?

Back 16

Glucocorticosteroids

Front 17

Otosclerosis can cause what?

Back 17

Ringing in the ears (tinnitus)

Front 18

Tinnitus can be drug induced. True/False
If so what are the drugs?

Back 18

-True
-Alcohol and asprin

Front 19

What two kinds of drugs can cause ototoxicity?

Back 19

Aminoglycoside anti-infectives and loop diuretics

Front 20

BPPV is the second leading cause of vertigo. True/False

Back 20

False, It's the number 1 cause

Front 21

Ménière's disease is the second most common cause of vertigo. True/False

Back 21

True

Front 22

What is vertigo?

Back 22

A balance disorder caused by a neural mismatch or sensory conflict

Front 23

How can vertigo occur? x5

Back 23

1. Head trama or degeneration of otolith organs
2. Inflammation of the vestibular nerve
3. Bacterial infection of the labyrinths
4. Brainstem or cerebral pathology
5. Ménière's disease

Front 24

Vertigo and other balance disorders produce what symptoms? x5

Back 24

1. Dizziness or spinning
2. Nausea and vomiting
3. Blurred vision
4. Disorientation
5. A feeling of falling

Front 25

Treatment of balance disorders may include what? x3

Back 25

1. Physical thearapy
2. Diet changes
3. Lifestyle changes

Front 26

When drug therapy is recommended, what is most commonly used?

Back 26

Antihistamines

Front 27

What do antihistimines have?

Back 27

Anticholinergic actions that can moderate symptoms of motion sickness. They are contradicted in people with prostate disease, asthma, and woman who are lactating

Front 28

Where is a scopolamine transdermal patch placed to prevent motion sickness?

Back 28

Behind the ear

Front 29

What is ear pain called?
What is it a symptom of?

Back 29

-Auralgia or otalgia

1. Otitis media
2. Otitis externa
3. Other ear disorders

Front 30

How is ear pain treated? x3

Back 30

1. Topical analgesics
2. Local anesthetics
3. Oral analgesics

Front 31

When the ear is inflamed, otic suspensions are less soothing than solutions containing alcohol. True/False

Back 31

False

Front 32

Water-clogged ears and swimmer's ear are different conditions that often get confused. True/False

Back 32

True

Front 33

Swimmer's ear does what?

Back 33

Produces inflammation and infection of the external ear

Front 34

What are safe and effective for the treatment of water-clogged ears?

Back 34

Nonperscription drying agents

Front 35

Cerumen (earwax) is a normal but unnecessary substance produced by the ear. True/False

Back 35

False

Front 36

What is cerumen?
What does it provide?
What does it do?

Back 36

- A bactericidal and water repellant.
- A barrier to entry of airborne substances
-Lubricates the skin of the external ear canal

Front 37

You can use cotton-tipped applicators or other small sharp objects to remove earwax. True/False

Back 37

False

Front 38

What are the principal ingredients found in crumenolytics? x2

Back 38

1. Emollients
2. Carbamide peroxide

Front 39

What should you do after administration of emollients or peroxide-based agents?

Back 39

Genlty clense the affected ear with warm water to remove cerumen that has become dislodged

Front 40

What is belpharitis?

Back 40

A chronic eye disease that produces distinctive flaky scales on the eyelids and eyelashes.

Front 41

What can conjunctivitis (pink eye) be caused by?

Back 41

A virus or bacteria

Front 42

How is uveitis (inflammation of the uvea) treated?

Back 42

With administration of coritciosteroids, mydratics, and anti-infectives or antivirals as appropriate

Front 43

Microbial keratitis and fungal keratitis are most commonly caused by what? x3

Back 43

1. Trauma
2. Immunodeficiency
3. Chronic eye surface diseases

Front 44

Soft contact wearers are not at risk for fungal keratitis. True/False

Back 44

False

Front 45

What is a stye?

Back 45

A small, painful lump on the eyelid that is caused by an acute self-limiting infection of the oil glands of the eyelid

Front 46

What is CMV retinitis?

Back 46

An opportunistic infection in the eye that occurs in patients who have HIV infection/AIDS or who take immunosuppressive drugs. If it is untreated it can cause blindness.

Front 47

How many cases of blindness annually does herpetic corneal disease cause?

Back 47

Over 500,000

Front 48

How are herpes infections of the eye treated? x3

Back 48

1. Antiviral eye drops
2. Orally administered drugs
3. Both

Front 49

Where does herpes virus live?
What does it produce when it becomes active?

Back 49

- Around nerve fibers
- Painful symptoms

Front 50

What causes ocular toxoplasmosis?
How is it transmitted? x2

Back 50

- Protozoa

1. Handling or eating raw and undercooked meat
2. Handling cat feces

Front 51

What can toxoplasmosis cause?
How is it treated?

Back 51

1. Ocular inflammination
2. Vasculitis
3. Uveitis
4. Retinal edema

- By administering pyrimethamine and sulfonamides

Front 52

What are helminthes?

Back 52

Parasitic worms that cause eye infections and blindness

Front 53

What is onchocerciasis (river blindness) caused by?
It is the second leading caused of infectious blindess in the world. True/False

Back 53

- A round worm
- True

Front 54

How is onchocerciasis treated?

Back 54

By administering a single dose of ivermecin yearly

Front 55

How is cysticercosis transmitted?

Back 55

By eatting undercooked pork

Front 56

How is cysicercosis treated? x3

Back 56

1. praziquantel
2. Coritcosteroids
3. Surgical removal of the living worms

Front 57

Toxocariasis is the leading cause of uveitis world wide. True/False

Back 57

False, fifth leading cause

Front 58

How is toxocariasis treated? x2

Back 58

1. Topical coritcosteroids
2. Systemic anthelminthics

Front 59

What are the risk factors for developing otitis externa? x5

Back 59

1. Exposure to excessive moisture
2. High environmental temperature
3. Irritation caused by earwax removal
4. Insertion of objects into the ear
5. Chronic dermatological disease

Front 60

What is otitis media?

Back 60

Inflammation of the middle ear

Front 61

What can excessive use of anti-infectives to treat otitis media do?

Back 61

Increase the risk of development of bacterial resistance

Front 62

Decongestants and antihistamines are recommended for for prophylaxis or treatment of otitis media in children. True/False

Back 62

False