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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the evaluations for TBI?
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Neurological evaluation, Neuroimaging, neuropsychological assessment
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What are used to access severity in a TBI?
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Glasgow come scale,
Ranchos Los amigos level scale Post traumatic amnesia |
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What is the ranchos los amigos level scale?
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Provides a longer term indiciator of cognitive functioning
Can be used for tracking recovery, considering prognosis planning and placement decisions, and measuring treatment effects and outcomes |
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What is post traumatic amnesia?
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Absence of clearly formed memories
Result of traumatic brain injury Absence of clearly formed memories for events following the TBI |
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What are symptoms of mild traumatic brain injury?
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Range of possible symptoms
HARD TO DIAGNOSE Can be present when other problems receieve more attention such as a fracture or spinal cord injury However, mild TBI can lead to changes in neural function |
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What events can happen in a mild TBI patient?
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Impaired neurotransmission
Loss of regulation of ions Deregulation of energy use and cellular metabolism Reduction in cerebral blood flow Often diffuse injury and therefore range of symptoms Possible cell death |
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Why do a large percentage of people killed by brain trauma not die right away, but die days to weeks later?
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Cellular procceses and biochemical cascades occuring after trauma, damage to blood brain barrier, release inflammatory factors, free radicals, excitotoxicity
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Why is it challenging to diagnose mild traumatic brain injury?
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Not commonly a problem with moderate and severe TBI
Ineffectiveness of imaging techniques to detect mild injury Reporting of symptoms are unreliable MTBI can be undiagnoses |
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What are the concussion grades?
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41 systems to grade a concussion
3 most common: CANTU, AMERICAN ACADEMY OF NEUROLOGY, COLORADO MEDICAL SYSTEM |
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What are the grades for the american academy of neurology for concussion
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Grade 1: transient confusion, no loss of concious, resolution in less than 15 minutes
Grade 2: transient confusion, no loss of concious, lasts greater than 15 minutes Grade 3: any loss of concious, brief or prolonged |
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What are the grades for cantu?
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Grade 1: no loss of concious, post transient amnesia for less than 30 minutes
Grade 2: Loss of conciousness for less than 5 minutes Grade 3 Loss of conciousness for greater than 5 minutes, post traumatic amnesia greater than 24 hours |
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What are the grades for the colorado medical system
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Grade 1: confusion, no loss of conciousness
grade 2: confusion, post traumatic amnesia, loss of conciousness grade 3: any loss of conciousness |
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What are the recoveries like for mild TBI?
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Symptoms usually less than 72 hours
Most spontaneously resolve within 7-10 days Recovery prolonged in children/adolescents and those with previous concussions Factors predictive of recovery are poorly defined however, Loss of conciousness not associated with recovery length Prolonged headache, fatigue, tiredness, fogginess may be associated with prolonged recovery |
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What are the complications with multiple concussions?
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Long term cognitive deficits
Previous concussions = more susceptible to recurrent injury and have longer recovery periods No current guidelines regarding disqualification/retirement - disqualify atheltes who sustain concussions with increasing frequency or in response to decreased impact - 3 or more concussions related to 5 times increase risk of developing Alzheimer's disease earlier |
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What are the complications of second impact syndrome?
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Athelete returns to play before full resolution of concussion
brain susceptible to extremes of blood pressure - catecholamine surge, vascular congestion, cerebral edema, increased intracranial pressure and ultimately coma or death few documented cases but all have occured in persons less than 20 years |
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What is chronic traumatic encephalopathy CTE?
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studies on retired football players with a history of 3 or more concussions have suggested that they are 5 times more likely to have mild cognitive impairment, early alzheimer's onset and clinical depression
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What is post concussion syndrome?
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Weeks, months, years of symptoms
Headaches, dizziness ,fatigue, anxiety, memory and attention problems, sleep disturbances, irritability/depression, academic/work difficulties |
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What are the 5 assessments for TBI
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symptom checklists, neuropsychological tests, postural stability testing, sideline assessment tools, physical examination
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What goes into a subjective examination?
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How did injury occur? how did person feel before and after injury,
Any history of previous concussions? Current or past medical conditions Current symptoms |
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What is the sport concussion assessment tool?
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Standardized tool for evaluating injured athletes for concussion
Concussion is a fucntional rather than structural injury Affects somatic, cognitive and affective domains |
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What is the immediate post concussion assessment and cognitive testing?
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Provides computerized neurocognitive assessment tools and services that are used by medical doctors, psychologists, trainers and licensed healthcare professionals to assist them in determining an athlete's ability to return to play after suffering a concussion
Measures player symptoms measures verbal and visual memory, processing speed and reaction time attention span, working memory, sustained and selective attention time, response variability, non verbal problem solving, reaction time |
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General treatment of a traumatic brain injury
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Acute - stabilize, minimize cell death, neurosurgery, medications
Subacute - facilitate neurologic and functional recovery, prevent additional injury/complication Chronic - community based rehab, return to work/school, continuing treatment |
