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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What choices do we study in travel behavior? |
Time Period Mode Route Destination Frequency Socio-Eco of Traveller |
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What is the choice set? |
The options available to a traveler |
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What is the phrase for the amount of choice within a choice set? |
Univirate - One Choice Binominal - Two Choices Multinominal - Two + Choices |
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What is the difference between Revealed and Stated Preference? (Data Paradigms) |
Revealed -> Actually Happened, Reported or Observed Behavior. Stated -> Planned, intentions, choice options with given information and background. |
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What are some examples/uses of Revealed Preference? |
Travel Behavior: Time Spend/Cost (Travel Attributes) Age, gender, income (Personal Circumstances) Tasman Bridge Example Intercept survey during crossing. Reported travel behavior alongside travel attributes and personal circumstances -> which give rise to that behavior. Kent Commuter Survey (1983) Value of time and discrete choice. How much people are willing and prepared to pay? |
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What are some of the advantages of Revealed Preference? |
Reveals information about relative importance that is attached to variables. Trade off between time and choice. Reflects true/actual travel behaviors. |
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What are some of the issues with Revealed Preference? |
May Contain Imperfect Information Respondents may not know the actual attributes of alternatives -> so becomes inaccurate. No New Alternatives RP only knows attributes of existing modes. I.E. EV Vehicles, charging points, cost etc are all unknown. Difficult to Detect Other (Secondary) Factors I.e. Luggage spaces Correlation Collinarity - variables strongly connected i.e. price and time -> so difficult to tell difference. Dominant Choice Always Recorded I.E. Cost and Time - People will always choose quickest and cheapest mode if available. As such, choices must display a good variety of values -> but could be a problem i.e. when time and cost are positively correlated. |
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What are Stated Intentions? |
Asks what someone would do in a hypothetical circumstance. No attribute levels, completely hypothetical. i.e. If parking charges were raised........ Or if a different circumstance existed, how much would people pay. |
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What are the issues with Stated Intentions? |
Main issue - would respondents actually do there choice if implemented? 1) May be likely to overstate. Such as if Light Rail is implemented; if not better than their current transport mode it will just be a backup mode. 2) Emotional - Could be angry or conversely trying to be politically correct. 3) May not take the question seriously - Yay/Nay Saying. |
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What is Stated Choice/Preference? |
Presents a set of hypothetical and realistic situations/alternatives/options. Good for understanding choice -> I.e. Manchester Metro link Survey. Sets of attributes (levels).
Asked to choose, rank or rate. Trade offs between alternatives i.e. fast but expensive, slow but cheap. Assume all else (comfort, luggage space) is the same.
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Why can Stated Choice/Preference Data be more useful/better than Revealed Preference? |
Attributes can be controlled -> so no correlation i.e. cheapest is not always the slowest. Can test effectiveness of new policies and technologies as we don't need to specifically know attributes. Dominated choices can be avoided, or at least used to check users are completing rationally. No uncontrollable effects as the researcher sets the hypothesis -> i.e. Tasman Bridge / Weather Higher number of observations per respondent. Costs etc can be specified. |
