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92 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Two groups of traffic signals
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Pretimed signals and actuated signals
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At-grade intersections
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Locations where different modes of transportation interact
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What happens as traffic volume increases
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Signals at intersections become necessary
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Actuated systems
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Connected to traffic detectors to sense traffic demand
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Pretimed systems are not always the same through out the day
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Some change depending on the time of day; morning rush hour, off hours, but stay the same during that period
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Cycle
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Rotation through all the signal indications at a given intersection
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Cycle Length
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Time it takes for the signal to go through one cycle of indications
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Interval
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Time period during which all the lights remain unchanged (green, yellow, red, all red)
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Phase
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A set of indications during which a set of movements is assigned the right of way
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Offset
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Refers to the time difference between the initiation of green on two adjacent signals
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Signal Timing Principals
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mechanism by which vehicles discharge from the line waiting at the traffic signal, the time lost as vehicles start moving, the concept of the capacity of an intersection approach
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Discharge Headway
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Time between one car crossing the stop line and the next car
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Saturation Headway
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Once the discharge headway levels out to a constant value.
Saturation flow rate is equal to 3600 divided by the saturation headway. |
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Green time
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equal to start up time lost and the saturation headway for a number of cars
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Capacity of a lane
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equal to saturation flow rate x effective green divided by the cycle length
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Delay for an intersection
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the measure of effectiveness used to characterize how well an intersection is performing
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Vehicle capacity
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The number of transit units that can be served by a given transit facility.
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Locations vehicle capacity is defined at
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loading areas and berths, transit stops and terminals, bus lanes and transit routes
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Person Capacity
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The number of people that can be carried past a particular location
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[ʃ]
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Voiceless Palato-Alveolar Fricative
ship [ʃɪp] |
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Loading Area
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The space dedicated for the bus to stop to load and unload passengers
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Factors that affect the capacity of loading areas
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Dwell time, dwell time variability and clearance time
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Dwell Time
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Time it takes for passengers to board and alight the bus and open and close the doors
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Dwell Time Factors
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Number of passengers boarding and alighting, distance between stops, fare payment procedures, vehicle type, on board circulation, wheelchair and bike boarding
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Dwell Time Variability
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accounts for the fact that dwell time at a given stop is likely to vary depending upon the present demand
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Clearance Time
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The time that it take the vehicle to close its doors and move out of the stop
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Types of on street bus stops
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Far side, midblock, near side
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Measures of transit quality of service
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Transit service availability and transit comfort and convenience
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Elements of transit system
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transit stops, route segments, systems
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Transit service measures used to define LOS
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frequency, hours of service, passenger loads, reliability
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Transit capacity for buses factors
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dwell time, coefficient of variation of dwell time, clearance time, failure rate, passenger loads and skip stop operation
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Pedestrian Flow
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The number of pedestrian crossing a line of single width across the pedestrian path
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Pedestrian Density
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The average number of peds per unit area of the facility
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Pedestrian Space
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The average area provided for each ped
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Pedestrian Space (x) vs Flow (y)
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Looks like a high heeled shoe
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Factors Affecting Capacity of a Runway System
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number and layout of runways, separation between aircraft, weather conditions, wind, mix of aircraft, mix of movement on runway, taxiway exits, Air Traffic Management, noise related considerations
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AADT
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Annual average daily traffic
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DHV
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Design hourly volume, traffic volume used for design calculations, typically 30th highest hour
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K factor
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relationship between DHV and AADT. DHV divided by AADT
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DDHV
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Directional design hour volume, equals AADT x K x D and DHV x D
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D
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Directional distribution factor reflects the proportion of peak hour traffic traveling in the peak direction
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Types of intersection traffic control
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no control, yield, stop sign, traffic signal, round abouts
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Phases
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one or more movements that are given the right of way at the same time
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Permissive left turn signal
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Just a regular straight green light, regular yielding
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Protected left turn signal
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Green arrow that turns off and you can no longer go
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Protected Permissive
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starts with and arrow then goes to yielding
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Signal Cycle
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Made up of all the phases
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Change Interval
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yellow time
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Clearance Interval
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all red time
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Effective Green time
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total green time plus yellow time minus total lost time
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Effective red time
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red time plus total lost time
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Eplenerone
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Inspra
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diuretic: MR Antagonist
more selective for MR over progesterone, androgen receptors K+ Sparing |
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Signalized Intersection capacity
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Max sum of critical volumes that can be accommodated
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Characteristics of Transit
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Carrier type, route and schedule type, service area
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Types of Ped Facilities
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Interrupted- crosswalk with signal
Uninterrupted- ped corridor, shared use paths, sidewalks not near signals |
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Walkway or Sidewalk
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has exclusive use by peds
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Two types of Airports
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Commercial airports, general aviation
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How big are runways
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200 ft wide 11,000 ft long
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Aircraft characteristics that affect airport design
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Weight, size, capacity and range
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How does an aircraft's weight affect airport design?
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Influences pavement design of the runway, apron and taxiway
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How does an aircraft's size affect airport design?
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Influences the geometric design of the apron and parking areas, the width of runway, turning radii
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How does an aircraft's capacity affect airport design?
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Influences terminal size and departure gates and positions
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How does an aircraft's range affect airport design?
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Influences the frequency of operations and mix of aircraft, which influence runway capacities
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Visual Flight Rules (VFR)
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Clouds 1000ft above ground, visibility is 3 miles
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Instrument Flight Rules (IFR)
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Clouds more than 500 but less than 1000 ft above ground, visibility is less that 3 but more than 1 mile
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Poor Visibility Ceiling (PVC)
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Clouds less than 500 ft above ground, visibility less than 1 mile
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Harbor
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Refuge for ships
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Port
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sea and land interchange point
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Wharf
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Where the ships dock up
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What a harbor needs
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Sufficient depth, secure anchorage, anchorage area, narrow channel entrance compared to size of harbor, protection against waves
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Breakwater
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Built parallel to the shore of a harbor
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Supervision
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In agencies, an educational and administrative procedure used to help social workers develop and improve their skills; also provides quality assurance for clients. Educational supervision, which is geared toward professional concerns and related to specific cases, is different from administrative supervision, which is geared toward agency policy and public accountability.
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Berth and Slip dimensions
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function of the size, types and configuration of ships
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Types of cargo
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Break bulk, neo bulk, containerized, bulk cargo
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Break Bulk
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non containerized goods in small packages
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Neo Bulk
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non containerized goods that are a single cargo
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Containerized
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standard containers full of cargo
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Berth and Slip dimensions
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function of the size, types and configuration of ships
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Dry Bulk
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dry granular material
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Types of cargo
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Break bulk, neo bulk, containerized, bulk cargo
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Liquid Bulk
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liquids not in barrels
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Break Bulk
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non containerized goods in small packages
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Berth
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location along a port reserved for ships
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Neo Bulk
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non containerized goods that are a single cargo
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Percent occupancy
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% of the time all berths are taken
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Containerized
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standard containers full of cargo
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Percent Congestion
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Percent of the time the number of ships exceeds the number of berths
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Dry Bulk
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dry granular material
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Liquid Bulk
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liquids not in barrels
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Berth
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location along a port reserved for ships
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Percent occupancy
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% of the time all berths are taken
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Percent Congestion
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Percent of the time the number of ships exceeds the number of berths
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