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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is an Xenograft?
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A graft done between one individual and another of some different species
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What is an Autograft?
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Tissue graft done and on the SAME individual
Will not be rejected as long as no infection |
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Antibody mediated rejection in Allografts is a mechanism of what and how does it cause injury?
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Major mechanism of Hyperacute rejection; but also involved in Acute and Chronic
By Complement and Antibody dependent cytotoxicity and Inflammation |
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What is an Isograft?
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A graft done between two genetically identical people
ONLY seen on identical twins NOT fraternal twins |
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What is an Allograft?
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A graft done from one individual to another geneticallt different individual
Most common |
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What is graft rejection mediated by?
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Lymphocytes
Depletion or inactivation of T lymphocytes results in REDUCED graft rejection |
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T Cell mediated rejection in Allografts is a mechanism of what and how does it cause injury?
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Major for Aute and Chronic
It is activation of both CD4 and CD8 |
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What is common in pts that have a hyperacute graft rejection?
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MULTIPLE TRANSFUSION or PREGNANCIES, prior grafts
NOT Reversible |
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How does hyperacute graft rejection occur and what is commonly associated with it?
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Mediated by pre-existing antibodies (MHC)to vascular endothelium that activate complment
TYPE II hypersensitivity that looks like Type III Blood Group ABO |
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What is unique in acute graft rejection compared to antibody-mediated vasculitis?
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Damage to the vascular endothelim (endothelitis)
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What type of process is actue graft rejection?
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Cell-mediated process
CTL-mediated lysis and CD4 activating macrophages |
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What is chronic graft rejection associated with?
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Vascular changes; thickening of the vessel wall, ARTERIOSCLEROTIC LIKE
Intestinal FIBROSIS Tubular ATROPHY |
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What is Graft vs. Host Disease associated with and why?
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Bone marrow transplants
When marrow is transplanted the T-Cells from the transplant attack the recepients tissue b/c of the larger amt of T's present (usually the other way around) |
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What is caused in Acute GVD and what is spared?
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Epithelial necrosis in liver, skin & GI. Rash, diarrhea, jaundice
Nothing will be immune except those that dont have MHC (testes and eyes) |
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What is acute graft rejection associated with?
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Necrosis of parenchymal cells
Endothelistis Lymphocyte and Monocyte infiltrate; cell mediated process |
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When does acute graft recjection look arteriosclerotic?
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When it is antibody/humoral system is involved
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What are the key types of transplants in GVHD?
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Bone marrow transplant; or any tranplnat rich in lymphoid
Immunocomporimised pts. |
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What is the Mechanism of GVHD?
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Donor T cells secete IFN-G to activate MACs
MACs sectrete IL-12 which activates NK End result is DTH: Type IV |
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What does Cyclosporine do?
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Treatment/Prevention drug for graft rejection
Treatment for GVHD after bone marrow transplant Topical treatment for Exema Very potent immunosuppresent |
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What is MOA of Cyclosporine?
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Blocks IL-2 transcription
Binds cyclophilin and this complex blocks CALCINEURIN; which blocks NFAT; and that prevent IL-2, IL-3, IFN-G transcription |
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What is toxicity of Cyclosporine?
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Nephrotoxicity
Which is ironic |
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What is MOA of Tacrolimus and its toxicity?
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Similar to Cyclosporin but binds to FK; And that complex blocks calcineurin...etc
Nephrotoxicity |
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What is MOA of Sirolimus?
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Binds Immunophilins; block Calcineurin
DOES NOT block IL-2 production Blocks T cell response to Cytokines and B cell proliferation |
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What are the Toxicities of Sirolimus?
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Profound MYELOSUPPRESSION
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What is the MOA of Mycophenylate Mofetil and what is used for?
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Inhibits B and T cell proliferation IN VITRO
Inhibits de novo synthesis of purines Used as an Alternative |
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What is associated with any Anti-Proliferative drug?
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Myelosuppression
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