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109 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Which organization evaluates the policies, procedures, and outcomes of care provided by hospitals?
Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO)
What is hospice care?
a community-based agency that provides care at the end of life.
Health care distribution continues to be a problem in the United States. Where is the greatest problem with the supply of health care services?
rural areas
How can nurses best meet consumer health care needs?
Involve patients in health promotion and prevention services.
Which statement is accurate with regard to the pathway of a bill from conceptualization to law?
A bill requires a sponsor to bring it to the House or to the Senate.
In addition to overseeing worker safety, which function does the nurse in an industrial clinic perform?
provides health education
In which situation is a nurse being held professionally accountable?
A nurse is reprimanded for failure to ensure that lab work is completed prior to a pt's discharge
(this is an example of professional accountability, which refers to the process of answering for or being responsible for what occurs and carries legal implications for task performance)
What is the primary goal of managed care?
to establish cost-effective quality care for groups of patients
Which is the best way for nurses to influence key legislators on committees dealing with nursing issues?
Write letters to their elected legislators who serve on the committees.
What is a primary outcome related to diagnosis-related groups (DRGs)?
Patients are prematurely discharged.
what is the primary impact on technological advances on nursing practice?
Nurses balance task oriented care with a humanistic approach to pt's
(technological advances result in more task oriented care, which nurses must balance with a humanistic approach
What is a primary problem of the fee-for-service reimbursement method?
it provides no rewards for careful use of resources and sets no controls on volume
(with the traditional fee for service method, a fee is generated and billed for each service provided. the more services given, the more fees generated. there is no control of services used).
What increased consumer awareness of the health care system?
community member's participation on health organization planning committees
(consumer awareness of the health care system is most increases with community member participation in established committees).
What is the primary function of the American Nurses Association Political Action Committee (ANA-PAC)?
to serve as a lobbyist at the federal level.
(the American nurses association political action committee ANA-PAC focuses on political initiatives, including lobbying and supporting candidates for political office).
Which was an underlying factor that influenced the development of health maintenance organizations (HMO)?
reducing the cost of health care by providing preventive treatment.
(the underlying factor is that acute care for health crises and disease management is more costly than preventive care).
Which agency regulates health and working conditions in the workplace?
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA).
Why do consumers and health professionals often believe that proprietary hospitals are less responsive to patients' health needs than are other types of hospitals?
may be motivated to reduce overhead by stockholders' desires for profit.
(proprietary hospitals are for profit organizations and, as such, are motivated to by cost efficient to improve profit).
Which is an example of an official, public-sector agency?
county health department
Which statement best illustrates patient advocacy at he national level for universal health care access?
joining a professional nursing organization that lobbies for health care for all
(joining a professional nursing organization is an example of pt advocacy. as a member of the organization, the nurse can participate in activities that include political initiatives at the national level).
In developing objectives and identifying functions for the nursing division in a health care organization, the nurse manager must ensure that the objectives and functions are consistent with which of the following?
the mission and goals of the health care organization
(the nursing division's objectives and functions must be consistent with the mission and goals of the health care organization).
Who is considered to be the first nurse theorist?
Florence Nightingale
Which best describes a nurse who holds a generic master's degree? the nurse
should discuss performance expectations with the employer.
(a generic master's program is for students who have a BSN degree in an area other than nursing. a nurse with a generic master's degree is a novice in nursing. the nurse should discuss performance expectations with an employer who may expect that the master's degree represents an expert level of nursing).
Which of the following agencies consists of both nursing and non-nursing individuals and agencies whose objective is to foster the development and improvement of all services and education for nurses?
National League for Nursing (NLN)
What best describes continuing nursing education as a condition of license renewal?
continuing nursing education requirements are mandated by law
(Mandatory continuing education affects licensure. a nurse renewing a license in a state mandating continuing education will have to satisfy that requirement).
What was Lillian Wald's primary contribution to nursing?
she founded the visiting nurse service.
How is the National Organization for the Advancement of Associate Degree Nursing (NOAADN) unique among nursing organizations?
it focuses exclusively on one level of nursing
Which nursing leader established the Henry Street Settlement in order to provide nursing services for the poor and children?
Lillian Wald
What was Clara Barton's most notable contribution to nursing?
establishment of the American Red Cross
Which organization did not pass any resolutions related to the American Nurses Association's (ANA) A Position Paper on Educational Preparation for Practitioners and Assistants to Nurses?
National League for Nursing (NLN)
(the NLN did not pass a resolution in support for the ANA position paper. the NLN includes educational councils representing practical, diploma, associate degree, baccalaureate, and higher degree nursing programs and supports all of these programs. the NON has "postponed indefinitely" any resolutions addressing the issues raised in the ANA position paper).
Which nurse theorist is associated with the concept of human caring?
Jean Watson
Virginia Henderson
is associated with the developmental model of nursing
Dorothea Orem
Known for the self-care model of nursing.
Martha Rogers
developed a model of nursing know as the science of unitary man.
why are the pew health professions commission recommendations on the adequacy and supply of nurses considered irrelevant today?
there is a shortage of nurses in specialized technical areas and geographic regions.
(the focus of the Pew Health Professions Commission recommendations emphasized the need for nurses in specialty roles. Today there is too great a shortage of these nurses especially in rural areas to meet the need).
which example best illustrates nursing practice associated with the leading health indicators of Healthy People 2010? The nurse
teaches adolescents about responsible sexual behavior.
Healthy People 2010 includes five sets of indicators:
1. health and disease outcomes.
2. preventive health behaviors.
3. mental health indicators.
4. health system access
5. ecological indicators.
what was Mildred Montag's reason for suggesting the development of associate degree nursing programs?
to relieve the shortage of registered nurses (RN) after World War II.
Which services were provided by the Deaconesses?
visiting the homebound sick.
Which of the following most accurately reflects the purpose of the Brown Report (1948)?
to analyze the changing needs of nursing as the profession.
(the purpose of the Brown report (Nursing for the Future) was to analyze the changing needs of nursing as a profession.
What was the primary purpose for the development of the Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC) taxonomy?
to develop a standardized language for nursing treatments to be used in practice, education, and research.
(NIC was to establish a standardized language for nursing interventions).
Which best describes an autonomous profession?
the profession has legal authority to set its own standards.
(only through legal authority over one's practice does the profession become autonomous).
One characteristic of a profession is that it represents a specialized body of knowledge. Which nursing activity best reflects this characteristic?
formulation nursing diagnoses for each client.
(Nursing diagnosis requires a specialized knowledge base in nursing care).
A nurse who is licensed in one state moves to another state. Which is the nurse's best source of information to determine what tasks can be delegated to unlicensed assistive personnel (UAPs) in the new state?
state board of nursing
A nurse manager who is in charge of a medical-surgical unit allows the registered nurses to determine the staffing schedule for the unit with the stipulation that adequate coverage must be provided on all shifts. Which management style is the nurse manager using?
democratic
(in democratic leadership, the nurse manager allows the staff to make the scheduling decisions, but does state that there must be adequate coverage).
An _____________ manager would make out the schedule without input from the staff and present it to them.
authoritarian
In ______________ leadership, the manager would give the staff the schedule without any conditions on adequate coverage.
laissez-faire
In _____________ leadership, the nurse manager allows input from the staff regarding the schedule with the stipulation that there be adequate coverage.
permissive
Which action best demonstrates how a nurse should follow the appropriate channels of communication when reporting unsafe health care practices? The nurse reports
a physician's questionable diagnosis to the nurse manager.
(the nurse's channel of communication generally flows upward to the nurse manager).
In which situation would case management be the most appropriate type of nursing care delivery?
Several health care professionals are providing services to the patient.
Which describes functional nursing?
It requires ancillary staff to perform simple tasks with high proficiency.
Which nursing action would be most characteristic of a client advocate?
assessing a client's need for information to make a decision.
Why does the American Nurses Association (ANA) approve the use of collective bargaining as a method for influencing nursing practice?
Collective bargaining is a means to advance the economic and general welfare of nurses.
Over the last two decades the public has grown increasing distrustful toward individuals, like nurses, who provide essential services. What shows that the profession of nursing has been responsive to the public?
consumer presence on professional boards of nursing.
Which best describes the differentiated practice model of delivery of nursing care?
Nurses receive pt assignments according to their education and level of expertise.
On a special care unit, nurses usually work independently, and are each responsible for two or three patients whose care requires a high degree of professional knowledge and competence. Which leadership style would be most conducive to the effective management of this unit?
democratic
(democratic style respects the nurses' professionalism and knowledge. it encourages accountability and promotes autonomy).
Which best defines critical pathways?
multidisciplinary treatment plans with a timeline to achieve goals.
(Critical pathways outline the outcomes and care activities for each day of a patient's hospitalization).
How is a team nursing best described?
a group of health care providers,
directed by a professional nurse, providing individualized nursing care to patients.
What has been a major influence in moving nursing to a professional status?
theory-based practice.
(basing nursing practice on theory allows for a testable, specialized knowledge base, which is a characteristic of a profession).
What is the responsibility of the nurse who is assigned to an inadequately staffed unit?
Report the situation to the nurse's supervisor.
(Reporting the situation the nursing supervisor is the nurse's responsibility. The supervisor is in a position to act to resolve the issue).
Which is an example of functional nursing?
The nurse is assigned to administer medication to 25 patients in the long term care facility.
(In functional nursing the health care provider is assigned a care task based on their ability and scope of practice).
Which concept best reflects the position of the Pew Health Professions Commission (1995) and the role of the associate degree nurse?
differentiated practice
(the Pew Commission report specifically recommends that the role of the ADN be different from that of the BSN).
Which is an element of a valid employment contract?
it may be oral
( a valid employment contract may be written or oral)
Which was the first state to allow only its own associate degree graduates to take nursing licensure examinations?
North Dakota
What is a primary function of a state's nurse practice act?
It defines the parameters of professional nursing.
(the primary function of a state nurse practice act is to define the parameters of professional nursing, including education and scope of practice).
Which has had the greatest impact on nursing home administration?
The Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (OBRA) mandates national standards of care in skilled nursing facilities.
How does theory development benefit nursing?
Theory development enables practice to be based on science. A theory is a scientifically acceptable general principle that governs practice or is proposed to explain observed facts.
For which responsibility does the American Nurses Association (ANA) Standards of Clinical Nursing Practice hold nurses accountable?
assessment
(The American Nurses Association Standards of Clinical Practice describe the scope of nursing practice for which nurses are held accountable. Assessment is one of these standards.
What is the purpose of the American Nurses Association Code of Ethics for Nurses (2001)?
to provide a method of professional self regulation
(The code functions as a tool for professional self regulation. A code of is a statement of ethical obligations and duties for practice).
Which ethical theory is based on the premise "The end justifies the means"?
utilitarianism
(Utilitarianism is based on the premise "The end Justifies the means." It focuses on consequences of an action rather than on the nature of the action.
The nurse mistakenly administers the wrong medication to a patient who suffers no ill effects from the medication error. If the patient files a lawsuit for negligence, which I the most likely legal action?
The nurse will not be held liable.
(Negligence requires four elements: duty, breach of duty, proximate cause, and harm. In this case there is no harm, so the nurse will not be held liable).
What is an obligation of a nurse who serves as an expert witness?
offer an opinion regarding standards of care
(the function of the expert witness is to offer an opinion regarding the standards of care and how they apply to the case).
What breach of conduct is committed by a nurse who fails to report the abuse of controlled substances by another nurse?
misdemeanor
(Failure to report observed substance abuse is a misdemeanor, which is an infraction of criminal law).
An attorney tells the nurse that the court has issued an order to reveal the prognosis of a patient under the nurse's care. How should the nurse respond?
Refer the attorney to the hospital administration.
(hospital administrators are in the best position to respond to court orders).
Which activity best reflects a nurse's adherence to the American Nurses Association (ANA) Standards of Clinical Nursing Practice?
refers a discharged patient to the appropriate support group
(The ANA standards of clinical nursing practice are authoritative statements describing the responsibilities for which nurses are accountable. The standards provide direction for professional nursing practice and a framework for the evaluation of practice. Referring a patient reflects the standard of planning).
Nationwide implementation of which of the following would limit nurses' autonomy over their clinical practice?
institutional licensure
(Institutional licensure would limit nurse's autonomy over their clinical practice, because licensure would vary from institution to institution).
Which ethical principle of Good Samaritan laws protects the health care provider who is rendering care in an emergency situation?
beneficence
(Beneficence is the principle that refers to a person's obligation to promote the welfare of other people by doing good, not harm. This principle is the foundation for Good Samaritan laws).
Which is the best definition of the Nursing Outcome Classification (NOC) System?
a list of indicators that suggest the change in a pt's condition
(The Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC) System labels pt outcomes and indicators of the pt's condition)
Which action reflects that the nurse is a member of a discipline?
tells the pt the nurse's name
(by identifying oneself by name and role, the nurse is acting as a member of the discipline).
A nurse who is a new graduate has been the recipient of repeated sarcastic remarks by a nurse who is experienced. Which conflict management technique should the new nurse use in responding to the experience nurse?
confrontation
(Confrontation will bring the harassment out into the open, and the most realistic way to change the communication situation).
Which nursing activity illustrates a cost containment measure aimed at improving pt care?
coordination pt care using critical pathways that are based on expected outcomes
(this action is an objective and measurable method that can be designed to improve pt care)
Nurses in which group specialize in primary care?
nurse practitioners
The nurse has assessed that a pt who is to be discharged from a health care facility is unable to live alone at home. Which standard of care has the highest priority?
collaboration
(collaboration has the highest priority. the nurse should establish a partnership with the pt, family, and other health care providers to resolve the issue).
How are the nursing process and the planned change process similar?
follow the same systematic process, with the first step being assessment
(both the change process and the nursing process begin with an assessment of the problem or situation)
Which action reflects the educational competencies of the associate degree nurse?
provides direct pt care across the health care continuum
(this correctly describes the competencies expected of an associate degree nurse)
Which characteristic of a profession has traditionally been associated with nursing?
service to society
(nursing has always been considered a service-oriented career from its beginnings in religious orders).
Why must the nurse follow an agency's policies and procedures? The agency's policies and procedures are
considered standards of practice
(the policies and procedures govern the standard of practice in each agency).
Which statement describes a primary characteristic of a profession as it exists in nursing?
nurses are capable of autonomous decision making
(based on research and scope of practice, nurses are capable of making autonomous decisions, a primary characteristic of a profession)
What impact do sunset laws have on the practice of nursing?
nurses can initiate changes in the nurse practice act to ensure correlation with current practice
(sunset laws are state laws enacted to ensure that legislation is current and reflects the needs of the public. Nurses can initiate changes to ensure that the nurse practice act correlates with current practice)
Which action constitutes active euthanasia?
giving a pt who is terminally ill and in respiratory distress a large dose of IV morphine for pain
(this action is active euthanasia because it involves an active intervention to end a life)
delaying the initiation of CPR on an older adult pt who has advanced Alzheimer's disease and is in cardiac arrest
this is an example of passive euthanasia
Which element negates a contract between a nurse and an employer?
the contract does not delineate the responsibilities of the nurse.
(a valid contract must define the responsibilities of both parties. if the nurse's responsibilities are not identified, then the contract is invalid)
Which of the following is a responsibility of state boards of nursing in the US?
examining and licensing qualified candidates
(state boards are responsible for examining, licensing, and disciplining nurses in their state)
What is an advantage of using specific nursing theories for research and practice rather than using theories from nonnursing professions?
Nursing theory is necessary for the continued development of the discipline.
(as the nursing profession continues to grow, there is an emphasis on nursing theory and research. the work of nursing theorists has an impact on educational curricular patterns)
What is the purpose of the ANA Code for Nurses?
to provide nurses with guidelines for professional behavior and decision making
(the ANA code for nurses provides nurses with guidelines for professional behavior and decision making and stresses the nurse's obligation to the pt)
what is base on moral rules and unchanging principles
deontology
Which ethical theory argues that, if an act produces a good outcome, then the act itself is good?
utilitarianism
(utilitarianism stands for the principle that an act is right when it can result in a desirable or good end)
Which statement best describes the ANA standards of clinical nursing practice?
they provide criteria for evaluation the quality of nursing care
what is veracity?
is the principle that stands for the obligation to be honest, to tell the truth, and not to misrepresent or deceive others. This principle is often applied in courts of law when attorneys address the character of a witness).
Which ethical principle is the staff nurse working under when reporting chronic understaffing to the state nurses association?
fidelity
(fidelity is the obligation to be faithful to the agreements, commitments, and responsibilities that one makes to oneself and others. the nurse is demonstration an obligation to the nursing profession through the professional organization)
Betty Neuman and Sister Callista Roy developed their nursing models bases on which type of theory?
systems
(Roy's adaptation theory and Neuman's systems approach are based on systems theory)
An attorney who is reviewing past malpractice cases that have been ruled on in court is studying which type of legal issue?
common law
(common law is another name for "case law." common law or case law, refers to cases that have been ruled on in court)
How are health care professionals affected by Good Samaritan laws? Under most Good Samaritan laws,
health care professionals are free from liability when assisting individuals who are accident victims.
(Good Samaritan laws prevent a rescuer from being held liable for wrong doing when the rescuer voluntarily helps the victim of an accident)
Which source of law empowers state boards of nursing to formulate and enforce their regulations?
statutory law
(statutory law is the source of law that empowers state boards to formulate and enforce their regulations)
Which religious group typically refuses autopsy?
Jehovah's Witnesses
(Jehovah's Witnesses, Muslims, Orthodox Jews, and Easteren Orthodox Christians may prohibit, oppose, or discourage autopsy)
Which was the first state to enact whistle blower protection for health care workers?
New Jersey
What is a reason for state licensure of nurses?
to protect the safety of the pt
What is a purpose of state nurse practice acts?
to legally define the range of nursing practice
In what way sis the Pew Health Professions Commission reports affect health care professionals?
decreasing the number of health care professionals, including nurses
(one of the recommendations was to reduce the number of health care professionals, including nurses)
A pt is burned as a result of a heat lamp treatment. The nurse who administered the treatment is found by a court of law to be liable for the harm caused to the pt. Which is the most likely consequence for the nurse?
the nurse may have to pay a sum of money to the pt.
(this is the appropriate outcome when a nurse is found legally liable for causing harm to a pt).