Transition To The Registered Nurse Professional Role-Significant Leaders

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Isabel Hampton Robb

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-author of many nursing textbooks
-helped found the American Society of Superintendents of Training Schools for Nurse of the United States and Canada which was a precursor to the modern National League for Nurses
-1st superintendent of the John Hopkins Training School
-founded Nurses' Associated Alumnae of the United States and Canada a precursor to the American Nurses Association
-one of the founders of the American Journal of Nursing

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Lavinia Dock

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-feminist, writer, political activist and suffragette
-campaigned for legislation to allow nurses nurses rather than physicians to control their profession
-founded American Society of Superintendents of training Schools for Nurses of the United States and Canada with Mary Adelaide Nutting and Isabel Hampton Robb

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Virginia Henderson

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-saw nursing as for both the healthy and the sick
-promoted education and advocacy
-one of the first modern nurses to define nursing
"The unique function of the nurse is to assist the individual, sick or well, in the performance of those activities contributing to health or its recovery (or to peaceful death) that he would perform unaided if he had the necessary strength, will, or knowledge and to do this in such a way as to help him gain independence as rapidly as possible"

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Mildred Montag

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-published "The Education of Nursing Technicians", a doctoral dissertation that led to the establishment of the Associate Degree Nurse

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Harriet Tubman

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-known as "The Moses of Her People" for her work in establishing the underground railroad
-nursed sick and suffering escaped slaves during the Civil War

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Sojourner Truth

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-abolitionist, Underground Railroad agent, preacher and women's rights advocate
-worked as a nurse during the Civil War for over 4 years
-worked as a nurse for the Freedmen's Relief Association after the war

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Mary Breckenridge

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-established the Frontier Nursing Service
-provided healthcare to rural America
-started one of the first midwifery training schools in the USA

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Margaret Sanger

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-public health nurse in New York
-imprisoned for opening the first birth control information clinic in America
-considered the founder of Planned Parenthood

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Lillian Wald

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-founder of public health nursing
-established the Henry Street Settlement and Visiting Nurse Service which provided nursing services, social services and organized education and cultural activities

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Clara Barton

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-school teacher who volunteered as a nurse during the American Civil War
-established the American Red Cross

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Florence Nightingale

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-cared for soldiers during the Crimean War
-set up sanitation practices that reduced mortality rates
-treated patients in relation to their environment as well as their illness
-1st nurse to exert political pressure to produce and implement public health policies
-recognized as 1st scientist-theorist for her work Notes on Nursing:What It Is and What It Is Not

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Mary Mahoney

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-first African-American professional nurse
-brought awareness to cultural diversity and respect for the individual regardless of race, color, religion or background

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Dorothea Dix

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-served as Superintendent of the Union Army female nurses
-organized hospitals, appointed nurses and regulated supplies to troops during the American Civil War
-reformed care for the mentally ill

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Martha Rogers

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Authored the theory "Roger's Science of Unitary Human Beings" which included
-nursing is both a science and an art; the uniqueness of nursing, like that of any other science, lies in the phenomenon central to its focus
-the irreducible nature of individuals is different from the sum of their parts
-the purpose of nurses is to promote health and well-being for all persons wherever they are

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Hildegard Peplau

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-first published nurse theorist since Florence Nightingale
-created the middle-range nursing theory of interpersonal relations
+emphasized the nurse-client relationship as the foundation of nursing practice
+creation of a shared experience through observation, description, formulation, interpretation, validation, and intervention
-emphasis on the give-and-take of nurse-client relationships was seen by many as revolutionary
Her book on her conceptual framework, Interpersonal Relations in Nursing was the first scholarly work by a nurse without a physician as a coauthor

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Linda Richards

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-created a system for keeping patient records
-established Japan's first nursing school
-established institutions for the mentally ill in the USA
-1st president of the American Society of Superintendents of Training Schools for Nurses