Transition To Modern America

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Model T

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an automobile that was produced by Henry Ford's Ford Motor Company ...

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Al Capone

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was an Italian-American gangster who led a Prohibition-era crime syndicate. Known as the "Capones", the group was dedicated to smuggling and bootlegging liquor, and other illegal activities such as prostitution, in Chicago from the early 1920s to 1931

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Samuel Insull

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was an Anglo-American investor based in Chicago who was known for purchasing utilities and railroads

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19th Amendment

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to the United States Constitution prohibits each state and the federal government from denying any citizen the right to vote based on that citizen's sex

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babe ruth

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best known as "Babe" Ruth and nicknamed "the Bambino" and "the Sultan of Swat", was an American Major League baseball player from 1914–1935

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Ernest Hemingway

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was an American author and journalist. His distinctive writing style, characterized by economy and understatement, influenced 20th-century fiction, as did his life of adventure and public image. He produced most of his work between the mid-1920s and the mid-1950s

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Roaring Twenties

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is a phrase used to describe the 1920s, principally in North America but also in London, Paris and Berlin. The phrase was meant to emphasize the period's social, artistic, and cultural dynamism. 'Normalcy' returned to politics in the wake of World War I, jazz music blossomed, the flapper redefined modern womanhood, Art Deco peaked, and finally the Wall Street Crash of 1929 served to punctuate the end of the era, as The Great Depression set in. The era was further distinguished by several inventions and discoveries of far-reaching importance, unprecedented industrial growth, accelerated consumer demand and aspirations, and significant changes in lifestyle

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Sacco and Vanzetti

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were anarchists who were convicted of murdering two men during a 1920 armed robbery in South Braintree, Massachusetts. After a controversial trial and a series of appeals, the two Italian immigrants were executed on August 23, 1927.

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Scopes Trial

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ormally known as The State of Tennessee v. Scopes and informally known as the Scopes Monkey Trial—was an American legal case in 1925 in which high school biology teacher John Scopes was accused of violating the state's Butler Act which made it unlawful to teach evolution.

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Clarence Darrow

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was an American lawyer and leading member of the American Civil Liberties Union, best known for defending teenage thrill killers Leopold and Loeb in their trial for murdering 14-year-old Bobby Franks (1924) and defending John T. Scopes in the Scopes Trial

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KKK

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Klu Klux Klan and informally known as The Klan, is the name of three distinct past and present far-right[2][3][4] organizations in the United States, which have advocated extremist reactionary currents such as white supremacy, white nationalism, and anti-immigration.[5][6][7] The current manifestation is splintered into several chapters and is widely considered to be a hate group.

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Fundamentalism

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refers to a belief in a strict adherence to specific set of theological doctrines typically in reaction against what are perceived as modern

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Teapot Dome

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was an unprecedented bribery scandal and investigation during the White House administration of United States President Warren G. Harding.

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Albert Fall

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was a United States Senator from New Mexico and the Secretary of the Interior under President Warren G. Harding, infamous for his involvement in the Teapot Dome scandal.

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Al Smith

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known in private and public life as Al Smith, was an American politician who was elected the 42nd Governor of New York four times, and was the Democratic U.S. presidential candidate in 1928. He was the first Roman Catholic to run for President as a major party nominee. He lost the election to Herbert Hoover. He then became president of the Empire State, Inc. and was instrumental in getting the Empire State Building built at the onset of the Great Depression.

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National Women’s Party

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fought for women's rights during the early 20th century in the United States, particularly for the right to vote on the same terms as men.

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Equal Rights Amendment

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which was intended to guarantee that equal rights under any federal, state, or local law could not be denied on account of sex. The ERA was originally written by Alice Paul. In 1972, it passed both houses of Congress, but failed to gain ratification before its June 30, 1982 deadline.

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Charles Lindbergh

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was an American aviator, author, inventor, explorer, and social activist

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A Mitchell Palmer – “Palmer Raids”

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by the United States Department of Justice to arrest and deport left-wing radicals, especially anarchists, from the United States. The raids and arrests occurred in November 1919 and January 1920 under the leadership of Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer. Though more than 500 foreign citizens were deported, including a number of prominent leftist leaders, Palmer's efforts were largely frustrated by officials at the US Department of Labor who had responsibility for deportations and who objected to Palmer's methods and disrespect for the legal process. The Palmer Raids occurred in the larger context of the Red Scare, the term given to American fear of and reaction against political radicals in the years immediately following World War I.

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Ezra Pound

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exiled novelist that conveyed clear. cold. reality.

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TS Eliot

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was an American-born English poet, playwright, and literary critic, arguably the most important English-language poet of the 20th century. The Waste land. The Hollow Men.

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Sinclair Lewis

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was an American novelist, short-story writer, and playwright. In 1930, he became the first writer from the United States to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature, "for his vigorous and graphic art of description and his ability to create, with wit and humor, new types of characters." His works are known for their insightful and critical views of American society and capitalist values, as well as for their strong characterizations of modern working women

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F Scott Fitzgerald

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was an American author of novels and short stories, whose works are the paradigm writings of the Jazz Age, a term he coined himself. He is widely regarded[by whom?] as one of the greatest American writers of the 20th century. Fitzgerald is considered a member of the "Lost Generation" of the 1920s. He finished four novels, This Side of Paradise, The Beautiful and Damned, Tender Is the Night and his most famous, the celebrated classic, The Great Gatsby. A fifth, unfinished novel, The Love of the Last Tycoon was published posthumously. Fitzgerald also wrote many short stories that treat themes of youth and promise along with despair and age.

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Warren Harding

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an "America first" campaign that encouraged industrialization and a strong economy independent of foreign influence. Harding, a fiscal conservative, represented a trend in government that departed from the progressive movement that had dominated Congress since President Theodore Roosevelt. In the 1920 election, he and his running mate, Calvin Coolidge, defeated Democrat and fellow Ohioan James M. Cox, in what was then the largest presidential popular vote landslide in American histor

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Calvin Coolidge

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"He embodied the spirit and hopes of the middle class, could interpret their longings and express their opinions. That he did represent the genius of the average is the most convincing proof of his strength."[3] Many later criticized Coolidge as part of a general criticism of laissez-faire government.[4] His reputation underwent a renaissance during the Ronald Reagan Administration,[5] but the ultimate assessment of his presidency is still divided between those who approve of his reduction of the size of government programs and those who believe the federal government should be more involved in regulating and controlling the economy

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Herbert Hoover

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could be improved by experts who could identify the problems and solve them. When the Wall Street Crash of 1929 struck less than eight months after he took office, Hoover tried to combat the ensuing Great Depression with volunteer efforts, none of which produced economic recovery during his term. The consensus among historians is that Hoover's defeat in the 1932 election was caused primarily by failure to end the downward economic spiral. As a result of these factors, Hoover is ranked poorly among former US Presidents.

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Normalcy”

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was United States presidential candidate Warren G. Harding’s campaign promise in the election of 1920.

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18th Amendment

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of the United States Constitution, along with the Volstead Act, which defined "intoxicating liquors" excluding those used for religious purposes and sales throughout the U.S.,

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Sheppard-Towner Act

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was a U.S. Act of Congress providing federal funding for maternity and child care. It was sponsored by senators Morris Sheppard and Horace Mann Towner, and signed by President Warren G. Harding on November 23, 1921.

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Effects of Organized Labor

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called for workers who had little or no experience, known as wage slaves

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National Origins Quota Act

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limited the number of immigrants who could be admitted from any country

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Fordney-McCumber

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tariffs in order to protect factories and farms. Congress displayed a pro-business attitude in passing the tariff and in promoting foreign trade through providing huge loans to Europe, which in turn bought more American goods

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Yellow dog contracts

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is an agreement between an employer and an employee in which the employee agrees, as a condition of employment, not to be a member of a labor union

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Marcus Garvey

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Red Scare

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patriotic years of World War I as anarchist and left-wing political violence and social agitation aggravated national social and political tensions

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Volstead Act

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enabling legislation for the Eighteenth Amendment which established prohibition in the United States

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Andrew Mellon

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was an American banker, industrialist, philanthropist, art collector and Secretary of the Treasury