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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Name the three subsections of the Institutional System of the Feudal State.
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1) Vassalage
2) Enfeofment 3) Serfdom |
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What is the Fuedal State Based on?
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System of reciprocity between Lords (superiors) and Vassals (subordinates) - obligations go up, rights go down
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What are the 4 obligations of a Noble in the process of Enfeofment?
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The following need to be obliged to the Lord.
1) swear fealty (promise to be faithful) 2) use land to provide military services 3) maintain law and order with your power 4) send a % of surplus from tax collection up |
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What are the serfs obliged to do for their Lords, and what is given to them in exchange?
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Obligations:
1) produce on desmene land and transfer surplus up to Lord 2) pay tax 3) pay rents in some cases 4) pay tithes to church Recieve: 1) law, order and court protection 2) military protection 3) tenement land |
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What were the arising problems of the Fuedal System?
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1) inequality eroding foundations and justification
2) power struggle @ all levels 3) multiple pattern of loyalty & fragmentation 4) nobles controlling coersive force 5) people are regionalized |
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What are the factors that occured when the system failed?
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1) nobles resisted both people @ the top and eachother to gain more power
2) there was no equality for serfs, who did the most, so they revolted 3) change in technology led to change in warfare - no more seiges, but took huge parcels of land 4) struggle b/w church and state |
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How did the fuedal state transition into the Absolutist state?
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The end of the 30 Years war was the Peace of Westphalia, which broke the Holy Roman Empire into a Europe w/ distinct sovereign units, with monarchs governing exclusivley
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What are the institutional characteristics of the Absolutist State?
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1) standing military
2) centrilized bureaucracy 3) centrilized banking 4) state-wide taxation regime 5) state-wide system of law |
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What is mercantilism?
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Mercantilism is the foreign economic policy of the Absolutist state. It focuses on the needs of the state (not ind. freedom or collective equality) and national economic power is paramount. It sees the domestic economy as an instrument that exsists to serve the state by generating wealth used for national powers. It cannot be divorced from Absolutist state/
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What are the assumptions associated with mercantilism?
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1) resource scarcity (ltd # leading to competiton)
2) bullionism (gold & silver also scarce, leading to competition) 3) empire building (build b/c of scarcity) 4) autarky and assymetrical interdepedence (balance of trade & balance of payment) 5) statism (state should intervene) |
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What are the factors that occured when the system failed?
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1) nobles resisted both people @ the top and eachother to gain more power
2) there was no equality for serfs, who did the most, so they revolted 3) change in technology led to change in warfare - no more seiges, but took huge parcels of land 4) struggle b/w church and state |
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How did the fuedal state transition into the Absolutist state?
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The end of the 30 Years war was the Peace of Westphalia, which broke the Holy Roman Empire into a Europe w/ distinct sovereign units, with monarchs governing exclusivley
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What are the institutional characteristics of the Absolutist State?
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1) standing military
2) centrilized bureaucracy 3) centrilized banking 4) state-wide taxation regime 5) state-wide system of law |
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What is mercantilism?
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Mercantilism is the foreign economic policy of the Absolutist state. It focuses on the needs of the state (not ind. freedom or collective equality) and national economic power is paramount. It sees the domestic economy as an instrument that exsists to serve the state by generating wealth used for national powers. It cannot be divorced from Absolutist state/
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What are the assumptions associated with mercantilism?
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1) resource scarcity (ltd # leading to competiton)
2) bullionism (gold & silver also scarce, leading to competition) 3) empire building (build b/c of scarcity) 4) autarky and assymetrical interdepedence (balance of trade & balance of payment) 5) statism (state should intervene) |
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What are the Causes of Mercantilism?
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1) war making
2) state building 3) resource depletion 4) advances in maritime technology 5) societal pressures |
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What caused the Transition from Absolutist State to the Classical Liberal State?
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1) Industrialization - people move into cities, complex market expands, shift from agricultural to industrial but there are issues w/ political & economic rights. The industrialists in the city have increasing economic importance, while the landed elites from the fuedal period still have most political importance.
2) Borgoeise - there are national and transnational. Monarchs couldnt resist pressure from the borg/ind and cant risk destabilizing the economy so borg/ind. wins. |
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What are the characteristics of the Classical Liberal State?
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1) popular sovereignty (sov. is derived from the people who constitute the states)
2) rights based 3) consent of the governed (through elections) |
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What is the Rights Based Clause?
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1) the Right to Private Property
- adam smith and his beleifts in the rational individual, self regulating market, and critique on mercantilism (autakry, protectionism and war not logical) 2) limited govnt - need the rule of law, constitutionalism and constitution |
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How did the Classical Liberal State transition to the Welfare State?
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1) contradictions of Classical Liberalism
- labour laws not there - wages held artificially low - societal programs ltd - suffrage was exclusive 2) Great Depression - protectionism was response and made things worse 3) WWII - Europe devestated, refugees and soldiers went home to bad conditions 4) Cold War - Soveit Union liberated E. Europe and looked good to CLS who were suffering |
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What was the solution to the issues of Classical Liberal State?
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The Post-War Settlement which led to the Welfare state
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What are the characteristics of the Post-War Settlement & Welfare State?
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1) Corporatism
2) Keynesianism 3) Fordism 4) Committment to Full Employment 5) Welfarism |
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What is corporatism?
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It's a mechanism thru which labour, property owners and state work together.
1) labour recognizes rights of prop. owners to make profit 2) prop. owners recognize right of labourers to collective bargain and strike 3) state intervention is key for creating framework |
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What are the aspects of Keynesianism?
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Made by John Keyes who said you need state regulated markets to prevent crisis b/c markets arent perfect.
Fiscal Economic Policy is run w/ 2 economic instruments: taxation and govnt spending. w/ high inflation - raise taxes, decrease govnt spending w/ recession - lower taxes, increase govnt spending (accumulate debt and defitic finance will be paid off in high cycle) Creating a civilian/military sector through getting big corporations (therefore their employees) involved in building military things (thanks to policy of containment) |
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How did the Welfare State transition to Neoliberalism?
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1) Six Days War (Israelis on Arab States)
2) Yom Kippur War (Arabs fight back, US and capacity to react saves Israelis) 3) OPEC (gets involved, increases price of gas, employers in west must cut wages, workers unhappy and strike, govnt takes more money in tax --> only solution is a new idea & they know socialism wouldnt work) |
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Who engineered the Neoliberal state?
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Margaret Thatcher (UK) in 1979 and Ronald Reagan (USA) in 1980. They wanted to go back to tried and true concepts to rehabilitate cpaitalism. It manifested in the West industrialized sates from 1980-90.
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What are the key characterisitcs of the Neoliberal State?
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1) Eliminate Welfare Dependent Culture
2) Emphasize the Individual 3) Reduce Power of Labour Unions 4) Expand the Free Market |
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What are ways to expand the free market in the Neoliberal state?
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1) tax and deficit reduction
2) reduce social spending 3) deregulate industry 4) privatize public service |
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What is the Third Way?
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Created by Tony Blair (UK) in 1998 with the help of Gordon Brown in the Labour Party. Also called "blairism". Arguments over whether it was repackaged or innovative.
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What are the assumptions of Third Way?
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1) Synthesis of "old left" and "new right" ideologies
2) Reflects idea of "big" and "small" govnt 3) Combine Market and Social inclusion/justice 4) Emphasis on delivery 5) New Social Contract 6) Attempt to Forge and New Social Consensus |
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Where was the Third Way used?
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In the US, it switched from neoliberal to Third Way (both Bushes were neoliberal while Clinton & Obama were Third Way)
In the UK - more continuity b/c of Brown/Blair connection. |
