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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Definition of a transition element |
A metal which forms one or more ions that have incompletely filled D orbitals Note: :This means that Zinc and Scandium aren't transition elements. |
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Electron filling and removal order? |
4s,3d |
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Why a variable oxidation number? |
As opposed to normal metals, electrons are removed from energetically similar S and D orbitals. |
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What are all the D orbitals? |
XY, XZ, YZ, X2Y2,Z2 |
There are three axis. |
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Why are some electrons with greater energy? |
Approaching ligands come along the axis and due to this orientation some orbitals have more repulsion than others |
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How do transition metals fare against typical metals in terms of melting point and density? |
Higher mp (d block electrons can take part in metallic bonding) Higher density (increasing mass and decreasing size (nucleus attraction)) |
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What is the maximum oxidation number? |
It is the number of 4s electrons plus the number of UNPAIRED 3D electrons. Note: Copper(III) while an exception, is too rare to consider. |
Something to do with orbitals. |
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What are ligands and what are unidentates, bidentates and polydentates? |
Ligands have lone pairs which are donated in dative covalent bonds. Unidentates have one bondable pair and so on. |
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What is the coordination number of a complex ion? |
The number of dative covalent bonds being formed in a complex ion. |
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What are the shapes of the different coordinations? |
6-coordinated=Octahedral 4-coordinated=Tetrahedral 2-Coordinated=Linear |
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What are the codes for the following ligands: H2O NH3 OH- Cl- F- CN- |
Aqua Ammine Hydroxo Chloro Fluoro Cyano |
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How does the copper complex ion react with ammonia and chlorine |
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How does the Cobalt ion react with Ammonia and Water |
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What are the color changes when hexacopper(2) reacts with Chlorine? |
Blue-Yellow |
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What color changes occur when the cobalt ion is reacted with Ammonia and Chlorine respectively? |
Natural color: Pink Ammonia: Brown Chlorine: blue |
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What are there varying colors? What are the colors of the color wheel? |
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Define the stability constant |
A+B=C K(stab)=[c]/[a][b] |
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What does a higher constant mean? |
The ion is more stable. |
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What are the factors affecting the electron gap? |
Ligand (Greater splitting = Greater energy gap) Oxidiation state (directly proportional) Octahedral splitting greatest |
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What happens in a ligand exchange reaction where there are different stability constants? |
Higher constant is favored. |
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