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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Allele.
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The possible variation of a gene that could be at that locus, e.g. A, B, O (3 variations)
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Amorph.
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gene that doesn't have any product
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Gene interaction.
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in cis: inherited on same chromosome
in trans: inherited on opposite chromosome |
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Pedigree Chart.
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diagram used in a family study to illustrate inheritance patterns of traits
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Punnett Square
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square used to calculate the possible genotypes and phenotypes among the offspring of two parents
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Independent segregation.
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- transmission of a trait in a predictable fashion from one generation to the next
- allow only on gene from each parent to be passed on to each child |
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Independent assortment.
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- random behavior of genes on separate chromosomes during meiosis that results in a mixture of genetic material in the offspring
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Antiserum.
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Known antibody (mono or poly): to test for antigens on the pt's red cells
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Polyclonal.
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- human source
- processed and filtered - one specificity |
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Monoclonal.
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- murine hybridoma cells
- not purified - IgM abs suspended in a low protein medium |
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2 basic principles.
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- known ab to test for ags on pt's red cells
- known ag to test for ab in pt's serum or plasma |
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4 common potentiators.
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1. LISS: Low Ionic Strength Solution
2. BSA: Bovine Serum Albumin 3. PEG: Polyethylene Glycol 4. Proteolytic Enzymes |
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3 methods to detect ag-ab reactions.
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1. Gel technology
2. Microplates 3. Solid-Phase Adherence |
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Principle of BSA.
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- affects lattice formation by bringing cells closer together
- reducing zeta potential? |
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Principle of LISS.
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- affects sensitization by increasing rate of antibody uptake
- free Na+ and Cl- ions interfere with ag-ab complex formation |
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Principle of PEG.
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- macromolecule additives
- affect sensitization by removing water molecules by to allow ags and abs to come closer together |
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Principle of Proteolytic enzymes.
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- affect lattice formation by removing neg charged molecules from rbc membrane --> reduce zeta potential
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3 examples of proteolytic enzymes.
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1. papain
2. ficin 3. bromelin |
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What are potentiators?
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enhance detection of abs by promoting agglutination
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What are anti-globulin reagents?
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used to detect IgG or complement attached to pt rbcs
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Principle of gel technology.
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- gel columns contain reagent antisera, rbc added
- rxn: agglutinates are trapped in gel when centrifuged - (+) rxn: clump of rbcs at the top of column - (-) rxn: rbcs moving through filter and deposit at bottom of tube |
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Principle of Microplates.
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- ag and ab combined in wells and centrifuged
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Principle of Solid-phase adherence.
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- microplates coated with ags
- serum added - test incubated - ab binds to ag if present - wash wells, add indicator cells - indicator binds to ag-ab if present - if no ab, indicator cells will drop to bottom of well |
