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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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the study of antigen antibody reaction as they relate to blood cells
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immunohematology
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how many chromosomes does humans have
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23 pair of chromosomes; 22 pair of homologous autosomal and 1 pair are sex chromosomes
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alternate forms of the same gene is called what
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alleles and may be inherited as homozygous or heterozygous
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each parent passes on what
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one chromosome of each pair to their offspring
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inheritance of the genes which express the blood group antigens A and B found on RBCS IS GENERALLY WHAT
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Codominant
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AA
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homozygous
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AO
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heterozygous
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a child who has inherited a A from one parent and an A from another parent is what?
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homozygous
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a child who has inherited a A from one parent and an O from the other parent is what
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heterozygous
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When are ABO blood group antigens formed
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when transferases add specific sugars to the H substances on the membrane
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what controls the occurrence and location of the ABO antigens
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Genes at three separate loci
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When will children normally develop antibodies to the antigens not present on their own RBC
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approximately 6 months
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antibodies are formed after exposure to environmental agents that have A like and B like antigens
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natural sensitization
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The anti A or anti B antibodies present in person of blood groups A or B are predominantly composed of what
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IgM with small quantities of IgG molecules present
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The anti A and Anti B antibodies present in blood group O person are predominately what
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IgG molecules
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Where are Rh genes found
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as haplotypes on chromosome 1 and encode the D antigen and one atigen from each of the C/c and E/e antigen pairs
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what is haplotype
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combination of alleles at linked loci
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persons whose RBCs have the D antigen are called what?
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Rh-positive
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how much of the population is Rh positive?
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80%
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What are those who lack the D antigen are called what?
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Rh negative
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How much of the population is Rh negative
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20%
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true or false Rh antibodies do not develop without immune sensitization from exposure to foreign RBC antigens
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true
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about how much of Rh negative patients will develop anti D when exposed to the D antigen via pregnancy or blood transfusion
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about 75%
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Rh antibodies are predominantly what
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IgG and will cross the plancental line
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What test is used to detect the presence of antibodies coating the surface of RBCs
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Anti human globin (AHG or Coombs serum)
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in vivo coating of RBCs by antibodies is detected using what?
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the direct antiglobin test (DAT)
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what type of body fluid is used in the DAT test
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red blood cells only
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fetal RBCs in hemolytic disease of the newborn, recipients's RBCs in hemolytic transfusions reaction; and patient's RBCs in immune hemolytic anemias
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these are test that the Direct Antiglobulin Test (DAT) are used for
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What type of test would you order for diagnosis of hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN)
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Direct Antiglobulin Test (DAT)
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What type of test would you order for Investigation of hemolytic transfusion reactions
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Direct Antiglobulin Test (DAT)
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