Transcription: Promoters, Plymerases And Transcription Factors

Front 1

What is the main regulation of gene expression?

Back 1

transcriptional control

Front 2

Where does post-transcirptional control take place?

Back 2

cytoplasm

Front 3

How many genes are encoded in the human genome?

Back 3

approx. 25,000

Front 4

What genes are require for general cell functions and cell viability

Back 4

house keeping genes (constitutive)

Front 5

What type of gene encodes for ribosomes?

Back 5

house keeping

Front 6

True of false: All cells in the body will express regulated genes?

Back 6

False: cell-type specific genes are responsible fore differentiated functions of specific cell types

Front 7

Prokaryotic regulation involves the adjustment of metabolic requirement in response to nutritional environment, wheras regulation in higher eukaryotes controls what four things?

Back 7

growth, development, differentiation, cell to cell communication

Front 8

In prokaryotes, catabolic genes activate in respone to _______availability.

Back 8

substrate

Front 9

In prokaryotes, the absence of ____leads to activation of synthetic pathway.

Back 9

end product

Front 10

Lactose utilization requires its transport and cleavage of the _____.

Back 10

disaccharide

Front 11

lactose permease

Back 11

in lactose utilization. designated as Y. for transport

Front 12

beta-galactosidase-Z

Back 12

lactose -> galactose + glucose

Front 13

galactoside transacetylase -A

Back 13

nonmetabolites removal

Front 14

polycistronic

Back 14

genes regulated in a coordinated manner

Front 15

operon

Back 15

a collection of protein coding genes + shared promoter + regulatory site

Front 16

lac operon

Back 16

When lac is present it binds to the repressor so it can't bind to the operator

Front 17

trp operon

Back 17

when tryptophan is present it binds to the regulating genes to shut off the pathway

Front 18

When e. coli is grown in a mixture of glucose and lactose it prefers what?

Back 18

glucose...
regulation is called catabolite repression

Front 19

How does glucose repress lactose metabolism?

Back 19

glucoes reduces cAMP, which is required to activate the CAP (DNA binding protein) and transcription of lac operon

Front 20

What proteins regulate transcription?

Back 20

DBP---DNA binding proteins

Front 21

DBP carry out ___control (CAP-cAMP) and _____ control (lac and trp repressor).

Back 21

positive
negative

Front 22

transcriptional regulators are either ___or______

Back 22

dimers or oligomers

Front 23

Classes of genes like Class II genes are named by what?

Back 23

the RNA polymerase that transcribes them

Front 24

eukaryotic: pormoters maybe one of the following three types:

Back 24

1. TATA
2. Initiator
3. TATA-less and initiator-less....GC rich "island"

Front 25

Which is the first TAF to bind?

Back 25

TFIID

Front 26

Which TAF opens the promoter sequence?

Back 26

TFIIH: helicase/ATPase

Front 27

Describe the activator protein:

Back 27

it's modular...it has a dna-binding domain and a activation domain to communicate to the core promoter

Front 28

What is the function of coactivators?

Back 28

(mediators) are used for the activator to communicate with Pol II

Front 29

Homeobox proteins belong to what class of DBPs

Back 29

helix-turn-helix

Front 30

what other motifs are there in DBPs?

Back 30

helix-loop-helix
Zn fingers
Leucine zippers

Front 31

Homeotic genes are also called...

Back 31

Hox genes
homo=like or similar
otic=abnormal condition

Front 32

Hox genes control what?

Back 32

morphology of vertebra, segmentation of the hindbrain, and the digits of the limbs...
drosophila and humans

Front 33

How does regulation occur?

Back 33

there's a limited number of regulators (activators and coactivators; repressors and corepressors) are used in specific combinations...
these are used in a gene-specific or cell-specific manner

Front 34

what for diseases linked to RNA polymerase II transcription macinery?

Back 34

XP, CS, TTD, VHL

Front 35

VHL describe...

Back 35

von hippel-lindau disease is a growth of tumors in parts of the body
VHL binds to subunits B and C of elongin ABC complex, and prevents the formation of acitve elongin complex...RNA polII cannot efficiently elongate the transcript

Front 36

Pit-1 TF is what?

Back 36

pituitary transcirption factor for transcription of growth hormone gene

Front 37

PROP-1 is what?

Back 37

Prophet of Pit-1 is also a homeo box protien works ...is TF of Pit-1 gene

Front 38

grwoth hormone deficiency is linked to what?

Back 38

short stature