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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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equivocal terms
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terms that, although spelled and sound exactly alike, have entirely different and unrelated meanings.
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unequivocal terms
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terms that have exactly the same meaning no matter when or how they are used
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Analogous terms
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terms that are applied to different things but have related meanings.
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Sense Perception
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act of seeing, hearing, smelling,
tasting, touching |
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Mental Image
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image of an object formed in the mind as a result of a sense perception of that object
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Concept
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3rd aspect of simple apprehension
grasping the idea |
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Abstraction
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The process by which a simple apprehension is derived from a sense perception and mental image is called abstraction - senses to intellect
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Judgement
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Affirming or denying anything about a simple apprehension
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Comprehension
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the completely articulated sum of the intelligible aspects, or elements (or notes) represented by a concept
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Extension
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What the concept refers to, e.g.
"To what does the concept man refer?" |
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Porphyrian Tree
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Catagory Substance Material, Non-Material
Remote genus Body Living, Non-Living Remote genus Organism Sentient, Non-Sentient Proximate genus Animal Rational, Non-Rational Logical Species |
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Signification
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univocal
equivocal analogous |
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Supposition
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verbal existence = material supposition
mental existence = logical supposition real existence = real supposition |
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subject
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that about which we are saying something - concept about which we are affirming or denying something
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predicate
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what we are saying about the subject, what we are affirming or denying about it
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Proposition
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a statement which expresses truth or falsity
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logical form
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statement that shows all 3 elements of logical proposition clearly.
subject term, copula, predicate term |
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A term
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'A' ffirmo
All S is P Affirmative Universal |
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I term
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aff 'I' rmo
Some S is P |
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E term
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n 'E' go
No S is P Negative Universal |
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O term
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neg 'O'
Some S is not P Negative - Particular |
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Quantifier
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All
Some No Some -- not |
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Quality
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affirmative
negative |
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Universal proposition
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applies to all of category
Men are mortal -- all men Socrates is a man -- all of Socrates |
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Particular proposition
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applies to only a portion of category
Only the God of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob is real. |
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Opposition
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opposite relation between two statements
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Contradictory Statements
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A is contradictory to O
I is contradictory to E |
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2nd Law of Opposition
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Contraries cannot at the same time both be true, but can at the same time be false.
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Law of Contraries
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Two statements are contrary to one another is they are both universals but differ in quality.
A is contrary to E |
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A is Contrary to
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E
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I is subcontrary to
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O
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A is contradictory to
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O
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I is Contradictory to
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E
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A is subaltern to
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I
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E is subaltern to
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O
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Distribution
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the status of a term in regard to its extension, does the term refer to all members of the class denoted by the term term is universal
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Undistributed
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the status of the term is particular
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Distribution of A
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Distributed
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Distribution of I
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Undistributed
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Distribution of E
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Distributed
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Distribution
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the status of a term in regard to its extension, does the term refer to all members of the class denoted by the term term is universal
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Undistributed
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the status of the term is particular
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Distribution of A
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subject Distributed
predicate Undistributed All S is P |
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Distribution of I
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subject Undistributed
predicate Undistributed Some S is P |
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Distribution of E
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subject Distributed
predicate Distributed No S is P |
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Distribution of O
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Subject Undistributed
Predicate Distributed Some S is not P |
