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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Traction |
a process of drawing apart or pulling apart, of a body segment; a force |
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Distraction |
external force exerted on a joint causing the joint surfaces to pull apart |
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Approximation |
external force exerted on a joint causing the joint surfaces to be pushed closer together |
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Uniaxial |
pull in one direction |
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Polyaxial |
pull in many directions |
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Head weight |
14 lbs |
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Manual traction |
clinician positions patient and applies traction force to joints of the spine or extremities; for cervical |
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Mechanical traction |
using a traction machine or ropes/pulleys to apply a traction force |
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autotraction |
patient uses their own muscle strength as the traction force; patient controls parameters; can be done at home |
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split table |
eliminates friction between body segments because 1/2 the table glides on rollers independent from other half; the no slip-traction harness stabilizes trunk; very little force lost due to friction, pull of traction is much less |
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Coefficient of split traction table |
0; so 1/2 the body weight=minimum force |
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Friction table |
for lumbar traction: coefficiency of table= .5 multiply 1/2 of body weight by .5 add that number back to 1/2 of body weight final number=minimum force more force is needed due to friction |
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Intermittent |
for pain relief more comfortable for patients shorter pull time; longer rest |
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Static |
muscle relaxation facet capsule stretching more pull; less rest |
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Angle of pull
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angle of traction force on the target structure |
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Traction Indications |
Nerve root irritation Nerve root compression Disc bulge Herniated disc Pain Hypomobility (lack of) Muscle spasm/guarding Disc prolapse Degenerative joint disease |
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Traction Contraindications |
Rheumatoid arthritis- may further increase joint instability Hypermobility-may further increase joint instability Osteoporosis-could cause fragile bone to fracture or break Spine cancer- could spread cancer Infections- could spread infection Myelo meningocele Central disc herniation-patients will recieve no sustained benefit Cardiac or respiratory insufficiency-increases internal pressure(stop breathing/cardiac arrest) Children-growth plates-could stunt growth of epiphyseal plates Mongoloid neck (down's syndrome)-unstable cervical vertebra-could inure Spinal cord impingement- can tear spinal cord or injure it |
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Lordosis |
excessive inward curvature of spine; concave-posterior, convex-anterior; lumbar |
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Kyphosis |
excessive outward curvature of spine, causing hunching of back; convex-posterior, concave;anterior; thoracic |
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Scoliosis |
abnormal lateral curvature of the spine |
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Kypholordosis |
A stance in which the pelvis is tilted forward, causing hip flexion, increased lumbar lordosis, and thoracic kyphosis; will shorten a person the most |
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Lordoscoliosis |
lordosis complicated with scoliosis |
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Kypholordoscoliosis |
combo of all 3 |
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Continuous Passive Motion (CPM) |
a form of passive motion delivered via a motorized device -begun immediately in surgery room in recovery room -improved biological healing w/in 3 weeks -lubrication; maintain collagen matrix organization; maintain tissue strength -anterior cruciate reconstruction(most common) -shorten recovery time |
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Acute problems |
shorter treatment time but more frequently; less pull; more rest 8 min max (disc herniation) |
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Chronic problems |
less frequently; more pull; less rest 30 minutes and up |
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Cervical traction |
separation of joint surfaces in the neck -average lbs needed=25 lbs (range: 20-30 lbs) -average angle= 45°; range=0-45°) -upper cervical requires less force than lower cervical |
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Angle for base of skull (atlanto-occipital joint) |
0° the more the increase in the angle of pull, the lower you go |
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Angle of pull cervical |
0° -C1/C2 25° -C3/C5 45° -C6/C7 |
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Angle of pull lumbar |
45° -L1/L2 60° -L3/L4 90° -L5/S1 |
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Optimal flexion for neck |
25° |
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Optimal flexion for lumbar |
45° |
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Physiological effects of lumbar traction |
-increase in vertebral separation -decrease in intradiscal pressure -reduction of disc protrusion -increase in lateral foraminal opening -distraction of the apophyseal joints -temporary reduction of scoliosis -temporary increase in lordosis w/extension traction -decrease in lumbar paraspinal EMG activity w/lumbar traction -temporary increase in stature |
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Physiological effects of cervical traction |
-increasing cervical vertebral separation -reducing cervical electromyographic (EMG) activity -reducing nerve conduction disturbances -increasing H reflex amplitude -reducing alpha-motor neuron excitability -increasing blood flow to cervical musculature -restoring cervical lordosis |
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facet distraction |
1:1 (10 seconds: 10 seconds-intermittent on/off time) |
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herniated disc |
1:3 (20 seconds: 60 seconds-intermittent on/off time) |
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Parts of traction table |
neck piece (annex) thoracic jacket-angle of pull lumbar jacket-angle of pull hooks to thoracic belt emergency stop button-safety mechanism to cut off crossbars-for angulation-pull on straps of spine table-could be split(frictionless) power cable Pulley Angulation table- where your legs lay for lumbar traction |
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If more than 45° cervical flexion |
ligamentum flavum (a continuation of the posterior longitudinal ligament) could creep in the gap created between vertebra; will render attempt useless and make neck worse |
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Goals and expected outcomes of traction: reduction of radicular signs and symptoms |
disc protrusion lateral stenosis subluxations degenerative disc disease fracture immobilization |
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Nerve root irritation from nerve root compression caused by: |
trauma (swelling) slipped disc disc bulge disc herniation nerve root impingement joint hypomobility |
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Orthostatic hypotension |
When blood drains suddenly from your head; lightheaded (Why you make sure patient sits on bed for at least a minute before they get up) |
