Tq Module 4 & 5 Part 2

Front 1

cerebellum

Back 1

controls muscle tone and balance
-center for motor function

Front 2

cerebral cortex

Back 2

covers the bulk of the outer surface of the brain
-covers the cerebral hemispheres
-wrinkled layer
-involved in higher cognitive functions (thinking, planning, language use, and fine motor control)
-receives sensory input via the thalamus and sends out motor information

Front 3

hindbrain

Back 3

made up of the cerebellum, medulla oblongata, and the pons

Front 4

thalamus

Back 4

gateway for most of the sensory input to the brain
-relays this input to appropriate regions of the cerebral cortex through neural projections
-switchboard of the brain

Front 5

frontal lobes

Back 5

-responsible for higher level thought and reasoning
-contains the primary motor cortex
-executive of the brain

Front 6

hypothalamus

Back 6

controls the 4 F’s: feel (as in temperature and water balance), food, fight or flight and fornication
-controls autonomic nervous system
-controls the endocrine system

Front 7

parietal lobes

Back 7

handles somatosensory information
-receives information of temperature, pressure, texture, and pain

Front 8

forebrain

Back 8

located at the front of the head
-contains the limbic system, the hypothalamus, the thalamus, and the cerebral cortex

Front 9

limbic system

Back 9

-area of the brain involved in learning, emotion, and memory
-comprises of the hippocampus, amygdala, and the septum

Front 10

medulla

Back 10

-location of reticular activating system
-controls heart rate, swallowing, breathing, and digestion

Front 11

occipital lobes

Back 11

processes visual input
-travel cross optic chiasma on the way to opposing hemisphere

Front 12

hippocampus

Back 12

-involved in learning and memory formation
-damages does not eliminate existing memories but prevents formation of new memoriescondition known as anterograde amnesia

Front 13

reticular activating system (RAS)

Back 13

-area that controls the arousal to attend to incoming stimuli

Front 14

Temporal Lobes

Back 14

-handles auditory input
-critical for processing speech and appreciating music

Front 15

Pons

Back 15

-way station passing neural information from one brain area to the other
-plays a role in sleep

Front 16

Amygdala

Back 16

-related to aggression
-associated with anger, fear, and to some extent sex drive
-evaluates the “emotional relevance” of any incoming information

Front 17

Corpus Callosum

Back 17

-hemispheres joined together in the center of the brain by this dense band of nerves
-hemispheres handle information in a contralateral fashion (receptors on left side of body transmits information to the right cerebral cortex and vice versa) -- instantaneously allows the two halves of the brain to communicate with each other

Front 18

Motor Cortex

Back 18

-an area on the top of the brain directly associated with control of voluntary movements

Front 19

Sensory Cortex

Back 19

-receives input from receptors in body
-mediates sense of touch

Front 20

Broca's area

Back 20

-structure in left area of brain responsible for the expression of language
- If Broca’s is broken you can’t produce speech

Front 21

Wernicke's area

Back 21

-structure in the left area of brain responsible for the understanding of language

Front 22

split brain operation "hemispherectomy"

Back 22

-Roger Sperry
-function of the left and right hemispheres
-when corpus callosum severedtwo hemispheres isolated from one another
-language function in the brain on left
-recognition of pictures on right

Front 23

Roger Sperry

Back 23

work with “split brain” patients
-conducted experiments on the perceptions of patients who had their corpus callosum severed in a surgical procedure designed to control seizures
-demonstrated the 2 hemispheres can operate independently of each other
-patients could not report what was seen on left side of screen
-right side of brain has limited language capability

Front 24

Phineas Gage

Back 24

-injured while doing railroad work
-reliable worker, but personality was significantly altered after a metal rod 4 feet in length was driven though his skull in his frontal lobes
-severing of the connection between frontal lobes and his limbic system left him impulsive, highly emotional, and unable to perform goal directed activity