Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What are factors that cause excess sodium and water deprovation?
|
overcrowding
frozen water unpalatable (medicated) water lack of water |
|
|
What is the toxicity of sodium?
|
acute oral lethal dose is 2.2g/kg in horses,cattle and swine
6g/kg in sheep 4g/kg in dots pigs,cattle and poultry are the most susceptible Dog are less susceptible |
|
|
What is the mechanism of action of sodiumtoxicosis?
|
high sodium in the brain inhibits anaerobic glycolysis resulting in lack of energy necessary for active transport
sodium trapped in the brain attracts water because of osmotic gradient and causes cerebral edema |
|
|
What are the signs of sodium toxiocosis?
|
constipation
thirst intermittent conulsive seizures circling blindness and deafness in ability to eat or drink |
|
|
What are the lesions associated with water deprivation and salt toxicosis?
|
gastric congestion or inflammation with pinpoint ulcers
fluid in body cavities and organ edema **eosinophilic meningioencephalitis (filling of cerebral and meningeal perivascular spaces with eosinophils** pathognomonic in pigs |
|
|
How do you laboratory diagnose salt toxicosis?
|
Serum and CSF sodium concentration are 160 mEq/L or more
brain sodium concentrations abouve 2000ppm supports diagnosis |
|
|
how do you diagnose salt toxicosis?
|
history, encephalitic signs, lesions and lab diagnosis
|
|
|
What are differential diagnosis of salt toxicosis?
|
encephalitic disease (trauma, tumor, heat stroke, viral)
Chlorinated hydrocarbon roxarson Pseudorabies |
|
|
How do you treat salt toxicosis?
|
give small amounts of fresh water .5% of body weight gradually over 2-3 days
-IV fluids (5% dextrose) and furosemide in small animals anticonvulsants in small animals |
|
|
What is the prognosis of salt toxicosis?
|
poor
mortality is about 50% |
