Toxicology Quiz 4 Set 2

Front 1

Signs of GI toxicity

Back 1

diarrhea
colic
anorexia
salivation/regurgitation
oral lesions
depressed rumen motility

Front 2

Ddx of acute hemorhagic diarrhea in cattle

Back 2

clostridial enteritis
salmonellosis
hemorrhagic bowel syndrome
coccidiosis

Front 3

Ddx of acute hemorhagic diarrhea in horse

Back 3

Salmonellosis
clostridium

Front 4

Aresenic toxicity...is organic or inorganic more toxic

Back 4

inorganic (trivalent, pentavalent)

Front 5

Aresenic Metabolism

Back 5

soluble forms absorbed by GI and SKIN, metab in kidney (trivalent excreted into intestine via bile)

Front 6

MOA of trivalent arsenic

Back 6

inhibit cell respiration (lipoic acid imp for TCA)
rapidly diving cells (intestinal epithelium, liver, skin, kidneys)
capillary dilatation and degeneration

Front 7

MOA pentavalent arsenic

Back 7

uncouplling of oxidative phosphoylation (cell energy deficit)

Front 8

Clinical signs of aresenic toxicosis

Back 8

peracute-->sudden death
severe watery diarrhea
colic
weakness
dehydration

Front 9

postmortem lesions associated with GI toxicosis

Back 9

hemorrhage
edematous
eroded
abomasem severly infected
lumen filled with bloody sloughled lining

Front 10

Dx of arsenic

Back 10

elevated levels: liver, kidney, GI contents, Urine and whole blood in live animals (half life 2-3 days)

Front 11

Tx or arsenic

Back 11

Dimercarprol (BAL)
succimer
lipolic acid
sodium thiosulfate

Front 12

Prognosis

Back 12

guarded

Front 13

Blister beetle toxin and damge caused?

Back 13

toxin=canthardin
irritates all mucus membranes and destroys renal tubules

Front 14

Right dorsal colitis is an enteropathy assocated with ?

Back 14

phenylbutazone and NSAIDs

Front 15

What is tx for right dorsal colitis?

Back 15

PGE 1 analogue: misoprosterol

Front 16

Xylitol is a ?

Back 16

sugar substitute

Front 17

MOA of xylitol

Back 17

strong promoter of insulin release and can cause severe HYPOGLYCEMIA with ataxia, collapse, seizures

Front 18

Signs of xylitol toxicity can be seen w/i ___ mins and includs

Back 18

30 min
vomiting usually seen first
hepatic dysfunction

Front 19

Hepatc injury causedby xylitol....develop elevated liver enz within ____ hrs other develop ?

Back 19

8-12hr
acute liver failure, hemorrhage, DIC, death

Front 20

Tx of xylitol

Back 20

no antidote
decontaminate etc

Front 21

3-MI acute bovine pulmonary emphysema aka?

Back 21

fog fever

Front 22

3-MI acute bovine pulmonary emphysema happens when?

Back 22

change to lush pasture
contains tryptophan because rumen MO not adapted

Front 23

3-MI acute bovine pulmonary emphysema MOA

Back 23

damage pneumocytes
proliferation of fetal, type II pneumocytes

Front 24

Pathology of ABPE

Back 24

lung wet and heavy
pulmonary alveolar damage/interstitial edema

Front 25

Other causes of AIP or acute resp distress syndrome

Back 25

sweet potatoes
purple mint
BRSV
lung worms

Front 26

Dx of ABPE

Back 26

hx of change to lush pasture
BAL
3 MI

Front 27

Tx of ABPE

Back 27

remove from pasture
stress handling may kill more than tx will save
banamine
corticosteroids

Front 28

Prevention of ABPE

Back 28

place in a dry lot on hay a few days before putting on pasture
limit pasture to few hours during first days
cut pasture first
delay pasture until 1st frost
strip grazing

Front 29

Atypical interstitial pneumonia causes?

Back 29

purple mint
moldy sweet potatoes
silo gases
fungus contaminated plants
brassica

Front 30

Clinical signs of pneumonia

Back 30

often a few animals
pasture or stabled
severe dyspnea
often a grunt at end of expiration
entire lung area involved

Front 31

Ddx for for pneumonia

Back 31

lung worms
abpee
anaphylaxis
caudal vena caval thrombosis
Feedlot interstitial pneumonia
MCG

Front 32

Tx of atypical pneumonia

Back 32

don't stress them into death due to hypoxia

Front 33

prevention of atypical pneumonia

Back 33

remove from feed sources

Front 34

Paraquat MOA

Back 34

oxidation-reduction reactions-->FREE RADICAL MEDIATED DAMAGE particullary MEMRANE LIPIDS

Front 35

Clinical signs of Paraquat toxicosis

Back 35

high dose: acute pulmonary edema, renal failure
subacute:poisoning with slower onset of organ failure and eventual death from plum edema
low dose: irreversible plum fibrosis syndrome with death

Front 36

Paraquat toxicosis diagnosis

Back 36

clinical history
histiologic examination of affected tissues
detection of paraquat

Front 37

Lesions associated with Paraquat toxicosis

Back 37

pulmonary edema
renal failure

Front 38

Tx of Paraquat toxicosis

Back 38

no specific anetdote

Front 39

prognosis Paraquat toxicosis

Back 39

poor

Front 40

prevention of Paraquat toxicosis

Back 40

prevent exposure

Front 41

Diquat toxic dose

Back 41

LD50 is 187 mg/kg for dogs
LD50 is 37 mg/kg for cattle
Oral rat
dermal rabbit

Front 42

Repeated diquat doses via ____ admin resulted in death

Back 42

oral

Front 43

is diquat cumulative in tissues

Back 43

nope

Front 44

Diagnosis of Paraquat toxicosis

Back 44

Hx

Front 45

Tx of Paraquat toxicosis

Back 45

decontaminate
supportive therapy (brain and kidney damage)
avoid

Front 46

Diquat is most toxic in what sp?

Back 46

fish>cattle>dog>rat>partridge>rabbit

Front 47

What are part of the most active estrogenic effects in the phytoestrogens

Back 47

coumestans
isoflavens

Front 48

What effects do red clover and alfalfa have on cattle and sheep

Back 48

infertiity via E2 like activity

Front 49

Red clover MOA

Back 49

muscarinic toxin from fungus

Front 50

clinical signs of red clover

Back 50

photosensitization -->skin red and swollen-->slough and scars,
muzzle and teats most susceptible

Front 51

Alsike clover MOA

Back 51

unknown agent that causes primary or secondary photosensitization
LIGHT SKINNED ANIMALS ESP SUSCEPTIBLE WHEN GRAZING DW COVERED OR WET

Front 52

Alsike clover clinical signs

Back 52

refusal to eat
drool
swollen lip and tongue
sheep-->swollen face etc

Front 53

Alsike Clover dx

Back 53

liver biopsy to characterize liver damage

Front 54

Ergot Alkaloids MOA

Back 54

inhibit D1 recepts-->vasoconstriciton
stim D2-->decrease prolactin secretion

Front 55

Dx of ergot alkaloids

Back 55

measure toxins in feed

Front 56

Tall fescue toxicosis is good for ____ and bad for ____

Back 56

good for plants
bade for livestock

Front 57

Tall fescue toxicosis MOA

Back 57

toxins: ioline alkaloids, ergot-like alkaloids
Two main mechanisms: peripheral vasoconstriction, suppress prolactin secretion

Front 58

Dx of Tall fescue toxicosis

Back 58

measure toxins in feed

Front 59

What are 3 types of photodynamic agents

Back 59

Primary agent introduced
aberrant pigment
hepatogenic

Front 60

What is the toxin in St. John Wort

Back 60

hpericin

Front 61

What is the toxin in Buckwheat

Back 61

fagopyrin

Front 62

What is the photodynamic agent responsible for hepatogenic photosensitization

Back 62

phylloerythrin

Front 63

What are 2 common names for Astragalus?

Back 63

locoweed
milk vetch

Front 64

What is the most widespread toxic plant problem in the western US

Back 64

locoweed

Front 65

Astragali poisons in 3 ways?

Back 65

Swainsonine:locoism
Miserotoxin:respiratory and peripheral nerve degeneration
Chronic selenium toxicosis

Front 66

Swainsonine causes

Back 66

abortions in mid to late pre go, and teratogenic effects
also make infertility with reduced spermatogenesis

Front 67

When astragalus fed to prego ewes

Back 67

delayed placentation
decreased vascularization
fetal edema and hemorrhage
alteration of cotyledon development
deformed lambs (highest in 60-90d gestation)1-3%
small weak lambs (60-130d gestation) high as 75%

Front 68

Laboratory diagnosis locoweed

Back 68

swainsonine: decreased serum a mannosidase activity

Front 69

Lesions caused by swainsonine

Back 69

neurovisceral cytoplasmic vacuolation

Front 70

prevention of locoweed

Back 70

restrict access
supplemental nutrients
remove animals
spraying??

Front 71

Lupine MOA

Back 71

alkaloids are nicotinic
toxin is anagyrine

Front 72

Fetal abnormalities appear within ____ of ingestion of lupine

Back 72

40-70 days

Front 73

Clinical signs of lupine in sheep

Back 73

death only coma
violent attacks on other animals or objects

Front 74

Clinical signs of lupine in cattle

Back 74

rate unless it was calf
"crooked calf syndrome" carpal flexure, troticollis, scoliosis, in calves exposed in utero during 40-70 of gestation.
The toxic principle for this effect is the alkaloid anagyrine
anagyrine is not teratogenic to sheep fetuses

Front 75

Lesions assoiated with lupine in cattle

Back 75

teratogenesis in cattle with cleft palate, characterisitc limn and spinal deformities

Front 76

Tx of lupine

Back 76

limb deformities in calves are not tx
tx for severe limb contracture is futile and px is poor

Front 77

prevention of lupine

Back 77

correct range management
alter grazing rotations so cows are not exposed to lupine btwn 40-70d of gestation

Front 78

Veratum californicum common name, toxin

Back 78

skunk cabbage
jervanine alkaloid (cyclopamine)

Front 79

Veratum californicum produces a congenital cyclopian malformation in lambs exposed on the ____ day of gestation

Back 79

14th

Front 80

Ponderosa Pine needle toxin and MOA

Back 80

toxin = isocupressic acid (ICA)
reduction in uterine blood flow to the fetus
release of fetal cortisol the direct stimulus for partuition in cows

Front 81

Clinical signs of ponderosa pine toxicosis

Back 81

abortions in third trimester
mucous discharge from vagina
weak uterine contractions
incomplete cervical and vaginal dilation
dystocia (difficult birth which requires assistance)
retained placenta
After aborting cattle have severe uterine infections (metritis)

Front 82

Toxic dose of ponderosa pine

Back 82

1-2 kg have resulted in abortions

Front 83

Clin path associated with ponderosa pine

Back 83

septic metritis

Front 84

Prevention of ponderosa pine

Back 84

avoid ingestion

Front 85

look at paper for mare reproductive loss syndrome

Back 85

ahhhhh