Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What are organophosphates?
|
animal and plant insecticides that are wiidely used for dusting or spraying animals or animal premises
most not very persistent in the environment penetrates intact skin and waxy coatings of leaves and fruits |
|
|
What are the MOA for Organophosphates?
|
acute toxicosis
-irreversible inhibition of cholinesterases -increase Ach -Muscarinic receptors most sensitive, then nicotinic See neuromuscular stimulation followed by depression |
|
|
What are the muscarinic effects of organophosphates in acute toxicity?
|
-increased salivation
-lacrimation -nasal discharge -coughing -increased resp sounds (bronchoconstriction) -excess bronchial secretions -vomiting -colic -diarrhea -bradycardia -miosis -sweating -frequent urination |
|
|
What are the nicotinic effects of organophosphates in acute toxicity?
|
muscle fasciculations, tremors, twitching, spasms and hypertonicity causing stiff gait
|
|
|
What are the CNS signs of organophosphates in acute toxicity?
|
-anxiety
-restlessness -hyperactivity (may or may not become clonic or clonic-tonic convultions in sm animals and horses - not in ruminants) |
|
|
What is delayed toxicity of organophosphates?
|
seen in animals that survive acute poisoning
-may suffer neurotoxic reaction see muscle weakness, ataxia in rear limbs reversible or irreversible paralysis |
|
|
What lesions are associated with organophosphates?
|
no lesions in animals that die quickly
see pulmonary edema, congestion, cyanosis, edema of various organs and muscle necrosis delayed neurotox - degeneration and demyelination of peripheral and spinal motor neurons |
|
|
How do you diagnose organophosphate poisoning with a lab?
|
deteccted in stomach or rumen contents
hair and skin samples for derma exposure test Ach levels in whole blood |
|
|
How do you diagnose organophosphate toxicity?
|
-history of exposure
-clinical signs -lesions - lab diagnosis -response to therapy |
|
|
What are differential diagnoses for organophates?
|
-Pyrethrins and pyrethroids
-Chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides -do not cause parasympathetic signs -produce more excitment and hyperthermia |
|
|
How do you treat organophosphate toxicity?
|
Atropine sulfate at 0.2 mg/kg in small animals
give 1/4 dose IV and the remainder IM or SQ 2-PAM chloride every 12 hours discontinue if uneffective after 3 doses Diphenhydramine to antagonize nicotinic effects no specific treatment for CNS effects |
|
|
What is the prognosis of organophosphate toxicosis?
|
long recovery
in high doses animal has a rapid death |
