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9 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is metaldehyde?
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a molluscicide that is a restricted used pesticide
used with carbamates or alone as a snail killer readily absorbed in the GI tract enzyme inducer such as phenobarbital may decrease toxicity |
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What is the toxicity of metaldehyde?
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moderate
LD50 is 210-600mg in dogs 207 mg/kg in cats |
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What is the mechanism of action for metaldehyde?
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-Gastric acid rapidly hydrolyzes metaldehyde to acetadehyde
-more acetadehyde than liver can handle to oxidize it -may decrease GABA -hyperthermia due to tremors |
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What are the clinical signs of metaldehyde toxicosis?
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-acute neurotixicosis
-onset of clinical signs are within 3 hours -see salivation, vomiting, diarrhea, hypercapnia,tachycardia -convulsions and opisthotonus -CNS depression -dogs may recover acute phase but see liver damage 2-3 days following exposure -cats might convulse do to external stimuli |
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What lesions do you see with metaldehyde toxicosis?
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-formaldehyde or acetaldehyde odor in stomach contents
-bait in GI -petechia and ecchymotic hemorrhage in the GI mucosa -longer lived animals may show degernation of theliver and brain |
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How do you laboratory diagnose metaldehyde toxicosis?
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analysis of stomach contents for mealdehyde or acetaldehyde and lab analysis
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What are differential diagnosis of metaldehyde toxicosis?
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CNS toxicants
-chorinated hydrocarbons -OP and carbamates -pyrethrins -strychnine -zinc phosphide -bromethalin -fluoroacetate -Na ion water deprivation -lead, mercury, mushrooms |
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What is the treatment for methaldehyde toxicosis?
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no specific treatment
-anticonvusants (diazebam/phenobarb) -xylazine/ace in horses -muscle relaxants -Emetics -fluids for acidosis |
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What is the prognosis metaldyhyde toxicosis?
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-good in animals treated within 24 hours
2-3 week recovery after exposure -dogs that did not recover in the first 24-48 hours may develop liver failure |
