Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What are the 3 primary methylxanthines?
|
1) Theobromine
2) Caffeine 3) Theophylline |
|
|
What is the predominate source of theobromine?
|
Coca beans
|
|
|
What is the predominant source of theophylline?
|
Predominantly in tea
|
|
|
What is the predominant source of caffeine exposure?
|
Coffee
|
|
|
What are 2 sources of methylxanthines in general?
|
1) Natural occurring xanthine alkaloids (feed materials- cacao bean mulch)
2) Synthetic pharmaceuticals -NoDoz tabs- 100-200 mg caffeine |
|
|
What is the mechanism of action of methylxanthine toxicity?
|
NOT WELL UNDERSTOOD
- stimulation of the release of catecholamines from the adrenal medulla |
|
|
What are the 5 primary systems affected by methylxanthines?
|
1) Cardiovascular
2) GI 3) Musculoskeletal 4) Renal 5) Endocrine |
|
|
What are 3 of the cardiovascular effects of methylxanthines?
|
Tachycardia, hypertension, VPCs
|
|
|
What are the endocrine effects of methylxanthines?
|
Hypokalemia
|
|
|
What are the 3 primary clinical signs of methylxanthines?
|
CNS effects, GI & diuretic effects
-vomiting & diarrhea (esp w/ chocolate) -Diuresis or urinary incontinence -Hyperactivity |
|
|
What can cause death in animals that ingest methylxanthines?
|
Cardiac arrhythmias &/or respiratory failure- hypoxia
-may see death w/ no premonitory signs |
|
|
What is the toxic dose of theobromine?
|
Quite variable**
|
|
|
Why do methylxanthines have a half life of 17.5 hours in a dog?
|
Enterohepatic recirculation
|
|
|
What product has the highest methylxanthine content?
|
Cacao beans
|
|
|
What is chocolate comprised of?
|
80-85% theobromine
15-20% caffeine |
|
|
What is the toxic dose of milk chocolate for a 40 lb dog? Semi-sweet chocolate? Theobromine (unsweetened) chocolate?
|
Milk chocolate-20 oz
Semi-sweet- 7 oz Theobromine- 5 oz |
|
|
**How much caffeine is in a 12 oz cup of starbucks coffee?
|
216 mg
|
|
|
*What is the lethal dose of caffeine in a dog or cat?
|
140 mg/kg
|
|
|
What animals are susceptible to methylxanthine toxicity?
|
all animals, even birds
|
|
|
What is the most common circumstance of methylxanthine toxicity?
|
In dogs via chocolate, caffeine tablets and cacao bean mulch
|
|
|
What is the toxic dose of milk chocolate for a 40 lb dog? Semi-sweet chocolate? Theobromine (unsweetened) chocolate?
|
Milk chocolate-20 oz
Semi-sweet- 7 oz Theobromine- 5 oz |
|
|
**How much caffeine is in a 12 oz cup of starbucks coffee?
|
216 mg
|
|
|
*What is the lethal dose of caffeine in a dog or cat?
|
140 mg/kg
|
|
|
What animals are susceptible to methylxanthine toxicity?
|
all animals, even birds
|
|
|
What is the most common circumstance of methylxanthine toxicity?
|
In dogs via chocolate, caffeine tablets and cacao bean mulch
|
|
|
What are the 2 main ways to diagnose methylxanthine toxicity?
|
1) History**
2) Chemical analysis **Frozen plasma, serum, urine |
|
|
**What are the 4 components to treating methylxanthine toxicity?
|
1) Decontaminate
-emesis, gastric lavage, activated charcoal 2) Seizure/ tremor control 3) Monitor ECG 4) Fluids |
