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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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True or false. Even the pollen of easter lillies is toxic.
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True
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What is the seasonality related to easter lilly toxicosis?
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Often holiday exposure- easter
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What animal is most susceptible to easter lilly toxicosis?
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Cats
-Disease not reproducible in dogs or rabbits |
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**What is the toxic dose of easter lillies in cats?
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1-2 plant pieces eaten can cause death
Pollen licked off paws |
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What is the target organ of easter lilly toxicosis?
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Kidney- acute renal tubular necrosis
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**What is the toxin associated with easter lilly toxicosis?
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Specific toxin not identified
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When do the clinical signs of easter lilly toxicosis begin to show?
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within 4-6 hours
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Is easter lilly toxicosis an emergency?
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YES treat if see ingest plant
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**What is the primary clinical sign of easter lilly toxicosis?
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Acute renal failure
-polyuria---> oliguria or anuria, signs of dehydration, vomiting & diarrhea |
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What system can be affected by easter lilly toxicosis other than renal?
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CNS-some cats present w/ ataxia, head pressing, disorientation, tremors
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What is the pathophysiology of easter lilly toxicosis?
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Causes acute & moderate to severe renal tubular necrosis w/ intact basement membrane
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What are 2 gross lesions of easter lilly toxicosis?
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Swollen kidneys
Systemic congestion |
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How do you diagnose easter lilly toxicosis?
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HISTORY IS MAJOR
-serum chem w/ increased BUN, creatinine, phosphorus, and K+ w/in 18-24 hours -urine has glucouria, proteinuria, isosthenuria, casts after 12 h -Gastric lavage (see pieces of lillies chewed up) |
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What are the 4 components to treating easter lilly toxicosis?
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No antidote
1) Decontaminate 2) *IV fluids 0.9% NaCl to diuresis at 2-3 x normal maintenance for 24 h 3) In oliguric cats -may need furosemide or mannitol 4) May need peritoneal or renal dialysis in anuric cats |
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***What is the prognosis of easter lilly toxicosis?
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If aggressively treated prior to 18 hours* it's a good prognosis
-if signs of renal failure then fair to grave |
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***Mortality from Easter lilies are reported as high as ____% if renal failure occurs.
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100%
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**What are the toxic principles of calla lilly toxicosis?
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Insoluble calcium oxalates
-different toxicity than easter lilies |
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**What are the toxic principles of calla lilly toxicosis?
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Insoluble calcium oxalates
-different toxicity than easter lilies |
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What are the clinical signs of calla lilly toxicosis?
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-Burning & irritation of mouth, tongue and lips
-excessive drooling, vomiting, difficulty swallowing -kidney disease follows due to plugging of kidney tubules |
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What are the clinical signs of calla lilly toxicosis?
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-Burning & irritation of mouth, tongue and lips
-excessive drooling, vomiting, difficulty swallowing -kidney disease follows due to plugging of kidney tubules |
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What are the 2 criteria that applied to all 43 dogs used in retrospective study that ingested grapes?
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1 or more clinical signs reported
-all had vomiting Abnormally high BUN or serum creatinine |
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What are the 2 criteria that applied to all 43 dogs used in retrospective study that ingested grapes?
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1 or more clinical signs reported
-all had vomiting Abnormally high BUN or serum creatinine |
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What dog is most commonly affected by toxicity from grapes and raisins?
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Labrador retriever
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What dog is most commonly affected by toxicity from grapes and raisins?
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Labrador retriever
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*What are the 5 primary clinical signs of grape toxicity?
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1) **vomiting
2) Anorexia 3) diarrhea 4) lethargy 5) **Decreased urine production |
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*What are the 5 primary clinical signs of grape toxicity?
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1) **vomiting
2) Anorexia 3) diarrhea 4) lethargy 5) **Decreased urine production |
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*What is the most supported theory on the pathophysiology of grapes?
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Nephrotoxic mycotoxin
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What are 5 diagnostics utilized for grape toxicity?
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1) History of exposure
2) Clinical signs 3) CBC/chem profile 4) Urinalysis 5) Histopathology |
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What is the main thing you will see on histopathology of the kidney of an animal with grape toxicity?
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Moderate-severe, diffuse proximal renal tubular degeneration
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****What are the 3 components to treatment of grape toxicity?
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1) Decontamination
2) IV fluid therapy 3) Drugs -Furosemide /mannitol |
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**What are the 2 ways you can decontaminate a dog with grape toxicosis?
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Emesis
Activated charcoal |
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*What are 4 reasons to administer IV fluid therapy when treating grape toxicity?
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1) preserve renal hemodynamics
2) increase endogenous solute excretion 3) Decrease tubular obstruction 4) Decrease tubular reabsorption |
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*What drug do you want to administer to a dog with grape toxicosis?
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Furosemide/ mannitol
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**True or false. Acute renal failure consistently develops in animals that ingest grapes or raisins.
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False, not consistent
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What should you do if a dog may have ingested grapes or raisins?
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Given potential harm, perform basic decontamination
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